Amatwara y’Ingoma-Ngabe y’I Gasabo

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Iyo bavuze Amatwara y’Ingoma iyi n’iyi, biba bishaka kuvuga imitegekere n’imikorere y’iyo Ngoma.Ibyo bikagendana n’imirongo migari ubutegetsi buba barihaye yo ngenderwaho.Aha tukaba tugiye kurebera hamwe imitegekere na gahunda ngenderwaho y’Ingoma –Ngabe y’I Gasabo.

Nk’uko amateka karande y’u Rwanda abigaragaza, Ingoma –Nyiginya yahanzwe na Gihanga I Ngomijana, akaba ari nawe amateka y’Abami aheraho nk’umwami w’Umushumi; nyuma y’abami b’ibimanuka b’i Gasabo.

Imiterere y’Ubutegetsi bwa Cyami

Mu mitegekere y’Ingoma –Nyiginya y’I Gasabo, Ingoma -Ngabe yari ifite icyubahiro cy’ikirenga,igitinyiro cya Nyirigihugu.Ingoma zindi nazo zikagira umwanya ukomeye mu mihango y’imiterekero…Ingabe niyo yari Nyirigihugu.Umwami akagaragira Ingabe akaba icyegera –Ngabe .Hakaba Abatware b’intebe basohoreza Umwami bakaba n’Abagaba b’ingabo.Rubanda ikagengwa n’Ibisonga byasohorezaga Abatware b’Intebe.Nyamara ariko Ingoma igashyihikirwa n’Abiru n’Abanyamihango y’Ingoma.Ingoma z’Imivugo zarazirikaga kandi zikarambagirana n’Umwami.

Mu bushorishori bw’ubutegetsi habaga haganje Umwami na Nyina w’Umugabekazi.Mu ntekerezo za kera :”Umwami si umuhutu, si umututsi ,si umutwa,ni umwana w’Imana ,agatsinda yavukanye imbuto “.Umwami ni inkuba ihindira mu bicu igakangaranya isi.Amateka aciye ni amahame agomba gukurikizwa,niwe Rukiko rw’ikirenga.Umwami ,akica agakiza, agakiza akica, akagaba akanyaga; akanyaga akagaba.Umwami ,ni umutima w’igihugu, atanga ihumure akagena imirwano. Ni itabaza ry’u Rwanda, akaba icyorezo cy’amahanga.

Mu ngoro y’Umwami habaga Rucabagome, ikaba ingoma yagenewe gutanga abagome.Yagendanaga n’Indamutsa ikagenda iyikurikiye.Yo rero ikavugira mu gikari, ikavuga batanze umuntu, ikavuga ku buryo bw’umurishyo wa Zigezikaragwe,yajya kurangiza bagakubitaho umurishyo umwe.I Bwami hahoraga uwo mwuka nyamunsi Abanyarwanda iyo bajya guca umugani babanziriza kuri iyi nteruro y’ibanze, ngo : Harabaye ntihakabe, Harapfuye ntihagapfe,

Hapfuye imbwa n’imbeba,

Hasigara inka n’ingoma “

Ingoma Nyiginya ihereye kuri iyo nteruro, yahimbazwaga n’ubuyoboke bw’ibindi bihugu bukururwa n’ubukungu bushingiye ku nka.Amazina aganisha ku nkayo ariho kandi arazwi, ariko hari n’Indahiro nyarwanda ivuga inka: Inka yanjye!

Karyabwite mba muroga!

Makoko atanga inka!

Yampaye inka! Amaranga-mutima nkayo afitanye isano n’inka, n’amazina agusha ku ngoma byerekana rwose umwanya w’inka n’ingoma mu mitegekere Nyiginya.Umwami niwe mutegeka mukuru ugaragara, agasohorezwa n’Abatware b’intebe, nabo bagaherezwa n’Ibisonga byafashwaga n’Abamotsi.

Umwami uganje agenga Igihugu agateka ijabiro Abatware b’intebe bagategeka Intara bakagaba n’ibitero Ibisonga bigakoresha uburetwa n’amakoro ku misozi Abahamagazi bakayobora imirenge ku birongozi,mu by’uburetwa. -Ingoma Nyiginya yoroheye Abasinga n’Abasangwabutaka n’Abakoma bikomereza umwuga wabo w’ubupfumu.

-Abahinza nabo bagumana imihango yabo y’ubuvubyi n’ubuvumyi bw’abanzi n’ibyonnyi, n’iy’ikemura-manza mu miryango yabo -Abatunzi bagabirwa imikenke n’ibikingi Rubanda rwa giseseka bakihingira indeka zabo nta nkomyi. Ingoma-Ngabe

Ingoma-Ngabe, niyo yari Ibendera ry’igihugu, akaba ari nayo yari Nkuru mbere y’Umwami n’Umugabekazi.Umurimo wayo ukaba wari uwo kwimika Abami no guhuza Umwami na Rubanda.Icyo twakwibutsa ahangaha, nuko mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere habagaho ingoma z’amoko atandukanye .Habagaho :Ingoma z’Imivugo arizo zarimo “ingoma z’Imisango n’ingoma z’Imihango” n’Ingoma –Ngabe ,ariyo yari ibendera ry’igihugu.Ingoma z’Imisango zari izo kwizihiza ibirori by’I Bwami zikanaherekeza Umwami mu irambagira ry’igihugu.,nizo zabikiraga zikanabambura Umwami.Ingoma z’Imihango zo zari zigenewe kuvuzwa mu mihango y’I Bwami nyine nkuko iboneka mu Bwiru.Imwe mu mihango yavugirizagamo ingoma ni nk’umuhango wo gukura Gicurasi,imihango y’imiterekero,imihango y’umuganura,imihango yo gufukura amariba, kugangahura ,kuvuma ibyonnyi n’iyindi.Icyo twabibutsa nuko Ingoma-Ngabe itari ingoma nk’izindi twavuze haruguru ,kuko yo ntiyavuzwaga,ahubwo izindi zayayivugirizwaga zikayitaramira nk’uko zataramirara Umwami Nyirigihugu.Ikindi kandi nuko yaramvurwaga mu biti bitandukanye n’iby’izindi ngoma z’Imivugo.Ingoma –Ngabe zabayeho mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere ni izi zikurikira :

Ingoma –Ngabe Rwoga

Gihanga akimara kwima ikirangabwami cye cyari “INYUNDO” Yakomeje kwitwa “Inyundo ya Gihanga mu mateka karande y’u Rwanda na Nyamiringa: Urusengo rwa Gihanga”

Nyuma iyo ndangabutegetsi ya Gihanga yaje gusimburwa n’Ingoma –Ngabe “RWOGA “, ari nayo ngoma ya mbere ndangabwami y’Abanyiginya.Aha twabibutsa ko , Ingoma –Nyiginya yari itetse mu Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo ari naho hari umurwa mukuru wayo.

Nyamara ariko na nyuma y’aho Rwoga ibereye Ingoma –Ngabe, Inyundo na Nyamiringa ntibyibagiranye burundu,ahubwo byakokomeje kugira uruhare mu iyimika-Bami no mu yindi mihango.Nk’iy’umuntu yacishwaga Urusengo,ntiyashoboraga guhirahira ngo agaruke i Rwanda,ariko iyo yacishwaga ingoma,igicibwa cyangwa se urubyaro rwacyo bashoboraga kuzagaruka i Rwanda. Ubwo umwami w’i Bunyabungo ,Nsibura I Nyebunga ateye u Rwanda akarwigarurira ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro Cyamatare ahasaga mu w’1477 ,yanyaze ingabe Rwoga ,iyayo “CYIMUMUGIZI”Gitandura ( yari Ingabekazi) ayibundisha mu Rutaka rwa Muhanga hafi y’umudugudu wa Gitarama.Aho Ruganzu Ndoli yimiye mu w’1510,Rwoga yari yaranyazwe n’Umunyabungo Nsibura Nyebunga,Abiru bayisimbuza indi ngoma nshyashya “NANGAMADUMBU ” yari isanzwe ari indamutsa ya Ruganzu Ndoli.

Ingoma-Ngabe Karinga Mu ngoro y’Umwami uwo ariwe wese habaga ingo zubakiwe abakurambere .iz’ingenzi ni izi: Kwa Gihanga Kwa Kibogo No kwa Cyilima

-Kwa Gihanga: Niho habaga umuriro wa Gihanga .Hari intango yawo .bacanaga mu kibindi kinini cyane.Abawucanaga ni Abiru bari batuye i Buhimba,bawucanaga mu biti by’umunyinya.Ntiwazimaga na rimwe.Abanyamuriro bawucanaga bari Abagesera.Barawuvumbikaga wajya kuzima bakawucana bakuranwa.Ibyo biti byo kuwuhembera bajyaga kubica muri Mageragere .Wajyaga kuzima abanyarushingo bakawuhembera mu giti cy’umurinzi.Ku ngoma ya Musinga ,iyo ntango yo kwa Gihanga yacanwaga n’umwiru witwaga Kimonyo ukomoka i Gaseke ho mu Rutobwe.Uwo muriro ndanga-busugire bw’ingoma Nyiginya waje kuzima mu w’1936,ubwo hari ku ngoma ya Mutara V Rudahigwa ,ubwo hari mu ihururu ry’umwaduko w’Abazungu. Icyo gihe wari umaze imyaka isaga 845 yose uwo muriro waka ubutazima .Uwo muriro ukaba warashushanyaga “Ubumwe butagajuka bwa bene Gihanga, cyangwa se Abanyarwanda muri rusange” -Kwa Kibogo: Habaga Nyamiringa (urusengo) n’inyundo ya Gihanga .Inyundo n’urusengo nibyo byari ikiranga –bwami cyo kungoma ya Gihanga, cyasimbuwe nyuma y’ingoma-ngabe Rwoga.

-Kwa Cyilima: Ni i Gaseke ho mu Rutobwe.Niho ba Mutara naba Cyilima boserezwaga.Uwahosherejwe bigaragara ni Cyilima Rujugira.Hari n’umusezero wa Cyirima .Ibisigazwa bye babivanye i Gaseke mu w’1969, biri mu nzu Ndangamurage w’ u Rwanda i Butare (Huye).Ingoma iteka zabaga kwa Cyilima, kikaba igicumbi cy’ingoma .Niho haberaga imihango yo “Gukura Gicurasi “kikaba igicumbi cyo guterekera.Kalinga yabaga kwa Cyilima n’ibigamba byayo, aribyo: Cyimumugizi ( wa neza ) Kiragutse Mpatsibihugu Karinga: Kalinga yaramvuwe mu cyanya cy’i Cyungo ho m uri Komini Cyingo muri Byumba (mu karere ka Gicumbi ) nk’uko imbyino y’ako Karere iranga iyo nkomoko : Icyungo Nyamurema Cyaremwe n’Imana Kiramvurwamo Kalinga Na Nyamuganza Na none bakongera mu marenga bagira bati: Isekuru yo kwa Minyaruko ya Nyamikenke Kugirango ibe Nziza Bajya kuyibaza mu mivugangoma Bayishyiraho uruhu rwa ya nka Bari bakamiye Ruganzu Kalinga niyo yasimbuye Rwoga iba indanga-bwami mu Rwanda kuva ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli kugeza mu w’1962, ubwo ingoma ya cyami yasezererwaga mu Rwanda rugahinduka Repubulika.

Ruganzu Ndoli aho aviriye i Karagwe kwa Nyirasenga Nyabunyana, aho yari yarahungishirijwe muri ya midugararo ya se Ndahiro Cyamatara, yimitse Kalinga ho Ingabe isimbura Rwoga.Naho Ingabekezi Cyimumugizi, yari yarabundishijwe isimburwa na Nangamadumbu yari isanzwe ari indamutsa ya Ruganzu Ndori

Mu iyimika rya Kalinga ,umurwa wa Ruganzu wari Ruganda ho muri Komini Tare mu Bumbogo ,Perefegitura ya Kigali ( ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo).Imihango yo y’iramvura rya Kalinga yateguriwe kwa Minyaruko wa Nyamikenke mu Busigi.Kalinga iramvurwa na Nyamigezi wa Minyaruko,ayiramvura i Cyungo ho muri Cyungo,Minyaruko ayitura Ruganzu.

Ruganzu aho amariye gushinga ingoro ye i Mata ya Muhanga ho muri Komini Mushubati i Gitarama mu Marangara (ubu ni mu Karere ka Muhanga) na ya Cyimugizi yari yarabundishijwe na Gitandura iza gutarurwa n’abashumba ahantu h’ubuvumo.Ruganzu aherako ayisimbuza Nangamadumbu, ayimika ho Ingabekazi isanga Kalinga yongera kuba iyayo.Nangamadumbu ishingwa abatandura ngo bayiragira by’ingororano y’ishyaka rya Gitandura, wari waracikanye Cyimumugizi igihe byacikiraga i Rubi rw’i Nyundo. Kugirango Kalinga itazaba inshike nka Rwoga bayiremeye inshungu ebyiri: Bariba na Karihejuru, ziremwaho insimbura-ngabe.Nyuma yaho Kigeli Rwabugili aziremeraho: Mpatsibihugu, Kiragutse, Icyumwe, Butare Izo zose zikaba zarahiriye ku ntambara yo ku Rucunshu.

Kalinga yari Ingabe ndanga-sumbwe y’u Rwanda ku bihugu rwanesheje.Ikirango cy’iryo sumbwe, ni ibikondo by’Abami b’Amahanga bishwe n’Abami b’ U Rwanda mu ntambara .Ibyo binyita babishyiraga mu mpuzu bikaza kumera nk’injishi z’Igisabo, bagakokera n’ubuhivu bakabyambika Ingabe bigatendera mu ruhanga rwayo.Bomekagaho n’Ibisabo bashyiragamo inda y’inka (amara) baraguje yeze, hagataho Inyundo ya Gihanga. Kalinga n’Ibigamba: Cyimumugizi Kiragutse Mpatsibihugu Zagiraga buri ngoma, ingabo zisobetse nk’insika, ingabo iri imbere y’ingoma.Kandi buri ngoma yabaga ifite icumu rishinze iruhande rwayo. Habaga n’izindi ngoma z’ibyegera by’Ingabe: -Gatsindamiko yari indamutsa ya Yuhi Musinga -Rucabagome na Ntibushuba Kigeri Rwabugili yanyaze Kabego Umwami w’Ijwi -Rugiramisango yaremwe na Kigeri Ndabarasa,iza guhira ku Rucunshu. Ku ngoma ya Yuhi Musinga arema indi yasimburaga iyo yakongotse ubwo byacikiraga ku Rucunshu. Kalinga yari Ingabe ndanga-sumbwe no ku zindi ngoma -Yarahekwaga igihe cy’imihango y’umuganura n’igihe cy’ubwihisho,

-Yashyikirizwaga umuganura

-Yarambikwga mu mihango, ikambara imyishywa n’imirembe

- Yavugirizwaga izindi ngoma iz’imivugo ikanabikirwa

-Yabikirwaga umwami yatanze, umwiru w’Umutege akayicaho indasago eshatu

-Yarasigwaga mu iyimikwa ry’umwami, igasigwa mbere y’izindi igasigwa amaraso y’inka bereje, uruhu rw’iyo nka rukambikwa undi Mwami uzima igihe cyo kumwimika

-Yagiraga Umunyakalinga wayo wo kwa Cyenge cya Ndungutse mu Musenyi, n’umugaragu wayo wo mu Benenyamigezi bo mu Busigi.

Indamutsa (Iramutsa umwami)

Umwami wabaga wimye, yagombaga kugira Indamutsa ye, ikamubera impuza n’ingabe, ikamubera impuza na rubanda, mbega ikaba impuza-gihugu n’ingabe y’ikirenga. Indamutsa yabaga ari ingoma iringaniye,ikaba ingoma iramutsa umwami ku gasusuruko,igatanga ibihe by’imibonano n’imirimo.Indamutsa yavuzwaga n’Umwiru wo mu banyakaringa,umwiru wo kwa Gitandura wo mu Bashiramujinya.Bari abo kwa Cyenge cya Ndungutse,bari batuye mu musenyi. Bazanaga ingoma bakayishyira imbere y’Igitabo cy’Intarengwa, bakayikubita umurishyo inshuro eshatu banoshereza.Igihumurizo Nyampundu kikayihumuriza inshuro eshatu bongeranya. Umwami yabaga yicaye ku irembo imbere y’Igitabo cy’intarengwa, bakaba bashyize imbuto z’amasaka n’iz’uburo mu gicuba, bakazihereza umwami bati:”Uri umutangambuto, nawe uzazihereze abandi “

Indamutsa yamaraga kuramutsa Umwami na we akajya gukomera mu mashyi Ingabe ngo “Ganza ,Agiriza,Tsinda amahanga “.Akabanza Kalinga,akayiramutsa muri ayo magambo.Akajya kuri Cyimugizi,asubira muri ayo magambo.Akajya kuri Kiragutse ,asubira muri ayo magambo.

Ijishwa Kwa Cyilima

Indamutsa yabarizwaga mu Misumba ya Kabagali zikaramvurwa ku Mutware w’Abakaraza n’Abaragutsi, wari Sezibera wo mu Batege w’Igihe cya Musing.Ikiraro cy ‘Indamutsa cyari kwa “Cyilima “ni naho habaga ingoma zose Iz’Ibigamba (Ibyegera by’Ingabe) Iz’Imivugo Iz’Ingabe Inzu y’izo ngoma yitwaga Nyamiryango.Nyamiryango ni urukamishirizo.Yagiraga imiryango ibiri, ibitabo bibiri by’inkomane na za Kanagazi ebyiri.Ikabikwamo ingoma.

Iremwa ry’inka y’isugi

Indamutsa y’Umwami iyo yatangaga ,bayikuraga I Bwami bakajya kuyibyarira,aribyo kuyihamba.Ubwo bakajya gushaka indi mu giti cyimitswe mu cyanya.Bakajyana inka y’isugi y’ibara rimwe (umukara niwo batajyanaga ) yonsa inyana,idaciye amatwi,idafite imyotso,ikayihakamirwa.Bamara kubaza iyo ngoma,bakazana umwana w’isugi akahanywera amata,izindi ngoma zikahavugira.Ya ngoma bakayitera icyuhagiro,bakayita ko ari umwari yaritswe.N’igihumurizo cyayo bakagikubita icyuhagiro,bati :”Uyu ni umugaragu wawe “.Bakayihacyura bakayizimanira inka y’isugi y’ibara rimwe yonsa ikimasa. Bajyaga kuyirema hakaza Umwiru wo kwa Nyabutege hakaza n’Umutsobe.Bakazana na ya nka y’ibara rimwe yonsa ikimasa cy’urutare ,bakayikama amata.Hakaza umwana wo kwa Nyabutege w’isugi ,mwene Nyabirungu,akaza akayuhira y’amata yakamwe,hanyuma bakayirema,bakayiremesha uruhu rw’inka y’isugi bagashaka abahetsi baziheka bakaziheka.Zikagenda zikajya k’Umwiru w’Umutsobe mukuru ,kwa Gashamura .Umwami yamara kwima bakazitura wa Mwami,akambara imyambaro ya cyami,akicara ku Twicara –Bami imbere y’inkingi ya mbonabihita ariyo Kanagazi.Bakazimuha Indamutsa n’Igihumurizo cyayo Nyampundu,bati “Ngiyo ingoma yawe y’indamutsa ijye ikuramutsa “Bakayimuhereza bayikubitaho gatatu,bati “Ngiyo indamutsa yawe ijye ikuramutsa “ Iyo ni indamutsa yagiraga intagara yayo kwa Cyilima.Dore zimwe mu Ndamutsa zashoboye gushyirwa ahagaragara n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt Icyitonderwa :Umwami Mutara IV Rudahigwa ntabwo yaramukijwe,ntiyagiraga Indamutsa kuko yimitswe kizungu.Mu gisingo cye nta shyira,nta nyoni itukura yo mu Buyenzi yabagamo.Mutara Rudahigwa ntiyaramukijwe ,ntiyicaye ku nteko.Bitewe nuko Rudahigwa yimitswe kizungu,ntabwo yanakurikije amabwiriza y’ubwiru agenga imisimburanire y’amazina y’Abami ku Ngoma,kuko yiswe Mutara kandi hari hatahiwe Cyilima.

Umuhango wo Kubambura no Kubikira I Bwami

Indamutsa yaramutsaga babanje kubambura ,bakabam,burana n’inkoko.Indmutsa yaramutsaga ku gasusuruko,ariko iz’imivugo zabaga zavuze.Kera kose Abami barabikirwaga bakabambuzwa ingoma “Umuhinza yari umubambuzwa-Shakwe “.Kera Abiru igihe cy’ibikira n’ibambura bavuzaga “Igihubi cyagabanye Gihanga “nyuma ku ngomja ya Rwabugili ,Abatimbo baje guhimba Umutimbo,kuva ubwo akaba ariwo ubambura ukanabikira. Mu ibambura Barabyukaga kare bakareba umuseke, bakosa.Umunyeshakwe akajyana ishakwe, akagenda akadondaho bigatinda.Hakaza Abanyansengo n’imandwa zitwaga Ibihayi zambaye amasunzu y’ibiharangu.Hagakurikiraho abaja bitwaga Abangakurotwa bahimbwe na Nyiramuroroge bagendanaga n’amariza bakabyina ngo “Ingoma yabo ni Shema ndende “.Ubwo rero ku gasusuruko, hagataho umuhango w’Indamutsa, igatanga ibihe by’imibonano n’iby’indi mirimo: Ibikira rikaza kugira umwanya waryo, nyuma y’igitaramo cya nimugoroba. Ibiranga ingoma Nyiginya n’ibishyitsi byayo Ibyarangaga ingoma Nyiginya ni byinshi ,ariko iby’ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira Ubwami n’umwami

Ubwami ngo bukomoka kuri “Gihanga cyahanze inka n’ingoma”. Dukurikije ibivugwa mu migani ku mavu n’amavuko y’Abanyiginya (imigani bise ibirari) bavuga ko abasekuruza ba Gihanga bakomoka kuri Kigwa (ngo wamanutse mu ijuru). Naho umwami ngo si Imana, kandi ngo Rurema niyo imuhitamo. Hari n’amazina y’ibisingizo bamuhaga. Amwe ni aya : Umugabe (nyina akitwa umugabekazi), Nyiringoma, Nyirigihugu, Nyiringabo, Nyirinka, Nyabami (umwami w’abami), Nyagasani (utanga ihirwe cyangwa umugisha), Sugu (mu bisigo bivuga usumba byose), Nyamugirubutangwa (uca urubanza rudakuba). Umwami yagombaga gutegekana na nyina, nyina yaba atakiriho akagira umusimbura akaba nyina mu bwami (bigomba kuba byarabaga ighe cy’iyimikwa gusa, kuko Murorunkwere, nyina wa Rwabugiri, yapfuye ntihagire umusimbura). Ibimenyetso by’ubwami (babyitaga ‘Inyonga’) Ikirangabwami cy’ibanze cyari ingoma y’ingabeRwoga yaje gusimburwa na Kalinga. Ngo ikirangabwami cy’ibanze ku ngoma ya Gihanga cyari inyundo, hanyuma kuri iyo ngoma himikwa urusengo (nka bene izi bavuza) rwitwaga Nyamiringa. Mu by’1950 urwo rusengo rwari rukiriho I bwami. Nyuma y’urwo rusengo, ngo Gihanga yimitse ingoma Rwoga aba ariyo iba ingabe. Ibyo byose ariko ni ngo baba babyitirira Gihanga ngo kuko Rubunga igisekuruza cy’abiru b’Abatege b’i Remera rya Kabagari ari igisekuruza cya 16 cya Sezibera, umwami uherutse w’abo biru wari ukiriho mu by’1970. Ngo ntaho ahuriye rero na Gihanga rero, n’ubwo bavuga ko ko ari we wahishuriye Gihanga ubwiru bwo mu Basinga n’ibyerekeye ingoma z’ingabe nka Rwoga. Iyo Rwoga yatwawe n’Abashi igihe Ndahiro II Cyamatare yishwe. Hanyuma hima ingabe Kalinga bitirira Ruganzu II Ndoli. Muri politiki y’ibwami, ingoma y’ingabe nka Kalinga yasumbaga byose, igasumba n’umwami, kuko yagombaga kuyitabarira byaba ngombwa akayipfira. Ibindi bimenyetso by’ubwami ni Inyundo (yo gucurisha) n’Umuriro. Ku byerekeye Inyundo baranavugaga ngo hariho “Inyundo yacuze Abami”. Naho umuriro wo wagombaga guhora ucanye, kuko washushanyaga “uburame” bw’ubwami. Mu mihango yo kwimika, umwami n’umugabekazi baherezwaga Inyundo, Kalinga, Nyamiringa, ubushingo bwo gucana umuriro, kandi bakibutsa ko ubwo ari we wavukanye Imbuto (za zindi enye : Uburo, Amasaka, Isogi n’Inzuzi), agomba kugwiza uburumbuke mu gihugu.

Ibishyitsi by’ubutegetsi bwa cyami

Ibishyitsi (inkingi) by’ingenzi by’ubwami bw’Abanyiginya ni bitanu. Muri byo umuntu aribanda cyane cyane ku murongo wa politiki ya cyami. Igishyitsi cya mbere ni inka : kuva kera cyane, zongeraga abagaragu (ubuhake), bityo ingabo zikiyongera, bigatuma nyirazo agira amaboko. Icya kabiri ni ingabo zigomba kuba nyinshi, zigomba no kuba ziyemeje gupfira Kalinga. Icya gatatu ni ikoro ryari rifite akamaro ku buryo bubiri : hari ugutunga abadahinga bagashobora guhugukira politiki, imyidagaduro n’intambara kandi rigatuma abakobwa n’abagore b’imfura badakora imirimo ivunanye nko guhinga, kuvoma n’ibindi, hari no kugaragaza ko abatangaga ikoro bayobotse maze umwami akagabura ibya rubanda, maze agakunda akitwa “umunyabuntu”. Icya kane ni ububasha bwo kwica agakiza: umwami n’umugabekazi bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kwica no kuzimya inzigo. Icya gatanu ni umurongo wa politiki ya cyami.

Umurongo wa politiki ya cyami

Ku byerekeye ubwami Ububasha n’ubutegetsi bwa cyami buri mu ngoma y’ingabe Kalinga: bityo rero Kalinga isumba umwami. Umwami si umuntu nk’abandi: ari ukwe kuko aba yaratowe na Rurema. Umwami asimburwa n’umuhungu we gusa kandi akava mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya, banabita Abasindi ahari kuko bakomoka kuri Yuhi I Musindi, cyangwa Abaroba kuko kuko bakomoka ku mwami Ndoba. Ku byerekeye igihugu Igihugu kigomba kwagurwa byanze bikunze. Iryo niryo shingiro ry’ibitero bigenewe kwagura igihugu. Mu by’ukuri kwari ugushaka gusubiranya igihugu kigari cya Gihanga cyari kigizwe n’u Rwanda, u Burundi, u Bushi, u Bugoyi, i Ndorwa, i Gisaka, u Bushubi…bikabumbirwa hamwe maze bigatwarwa n’umwuzukuruza wa Kanyarwanda ka “Gihanga Ngomijana”. Bityo rero “igihugu ni icy’umwe” (iyo yari imvugo yo mu bwiru). Imirimo y’ingenzi y’ubwami Iyo mirimo yari igamije gutunganya ibi bikurikira: icya mbere ni uburumbuke bw’imyaka n’ubwororoke bw’abantu n’ubw’amatungo. Ibyo bikaba byari bishinzwe abami bitwa Mutara na Cyilima. Icya kabiri ni uburame bw’umwami bwagaragazwaga n’umuriro: umuhango gucana umuriro wari ushinzwe abami bitwaga Yuhi. Icya gatatu ni itabaro (ni ukuvuga kugaba ibitero no kurwana ku gihugu cyatewe): uwo wari umurimo w’abami bitwa Kigeli cyangwa Mibambwe (kera Ndahiro na Ruganzu babarirwaga muri abo). Umurongo wa politiki nyabami Uwo murongo wagombaga kwamamazwa no gukwirakwizwa I bwami no muri rubanda. Ibwami wamamarizwaga mu bitekerezo, ubwiru, ubucurabwenge, ubusizi n’ibindi.

Ibitekerezo : Byavugaga amateka uko agomba gukurikirana, cyane amazina y’abami (ay’abatabashimishije ntabarirwemo : byagaragaye kuri Karemera Rwaka, sekuruza w’Abaka, no kuri Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa waguye ku Rucunshu). Ubwiru : Bwari ubuhanga n’ubugenge bwo kugena politiki hamwe n’imihango ibushyigikira. Ubwiru kandi bwari ibanga rikomeye, bigatuma rubanda rwumirwa, rugashya ubwoba. Abiru barimo Abatutsi n’Abahutu. Abakijijwe cyane n’uwo mwuga, bakongeraho kuba intwari ku rugamba, baragororewe birabakiza, bityo begera imfura, ndetse bashyingira n’umwami. Ikindi ni uko abiru bose batareshyaga. Ubucurabwenge : Bwarimo kurondora udasobwa amasekuruza y’abami (izina ry’ubwami n’irye bwite) n’ay’abagabekazi bakanavuga ubwoko bw’abo bagabekazi n’ubwa ba nyina. Baheraga ku mwami uriho bakarangiriza kuri Nkuba (ariwe Shyerezo) bagira bati : “ngaho iyo mwama mukuru wa Samukondo mu mizi yanyu mikuru”. Hari abavuga ko ubucurabwenge ari “Gotha” yo mu Rwanda: ni nk’igitabo gihuriza hamwe imiryango ikomoka ku bami n’iy’ababashyingiye (niyo bitaga iy’ibikomangoma, imfura cyangwa Abatutsi b’izina). Biragaragara ko ubucurabwenge bwarimo politiki yo kwironda no kwimenya. Na none abami batashimishaga barahanagurwaga, kuko Abatekereza b’ibwami bakuraga bene abo bami mu murongo wemewe, bagasa n’abatarigeze bategeka u Rwanda. Ubusizi : Bwabarirwaga mu bwoko bw’imivugo yari igenewe gusingiza umwami (ibisigo), inka (amazina y’inka), intambara (ibyivugo n’indirimbo z’ingabo). Muri ubwo bwoko bw’ibyivugo, ubw’ingenzi mu gukwirakwiza ibitekerezo by’umurongo wa politiki ni ubw’ibisigo. Mu magambo make, gusingiza umwami uhagaze n’abo yasimbuye kimwe n’ingoma Karinga, byagendaga ahanini mu buryo bukurikira (ni zimwe mu ngingo dusanga mu bisigo) :

-Iyimikwa ry’umwami rirogezwa, - Imirwa y’abami ikaratwa , ababangamiye umwami mu Rwanda bakamaganwa (ngo:“urabice mbigambe”), - Ikinnyego gihebya ababisha (b’ishyanga), - Akamaro kagizwe kandi kagomba kugirwa n’abatabazi n’abacengeri, - Umutsindo w’u Rwanda iyo rwateye amahanga, - Amatiku, amahugu y’inka cyangwa inzuri n’amagomerane y’abantu umwe umwe cyangwa imiryango ibyo byose byabaye impamvu (intandaro) yo gusiga. Umusizi yari umukozi w’ibwami wemewe. Kubera ibyo, akagira umwanya umugenewe mu mutambagiro wo mu mihango y’ubwiru (nko mu mihango yo kwimika umwami).

Muri rubanda, umurongo wa politiki wamamarizwaga mu migani no mu butegetsi bw’igihugu. Muri ubwo butegetsi, umwami yari afite abatware bamuhagarariye. Akenshi abatware bo mu rwego rwo hejuru (umutware w’ubutaka, umutware w’umukenke n’umutware w’ingabo) babaga ari Abege n’Abanyiginya. Ariko rero ku ngoma ya Rwabugili, uwo mwami yagiye ashyiraho n’abo mu yandi moko yasangaga ari ingirakamaro kubera ubutwari cyangwa ikindi gikorwa gikwiriye ishimwe. Muri abo batware bo rwego rwo hejuru kandi babaye abatoni ku ngoma ya Rwabugiri, twavuga aba bakurikira : Bisangwa na murumuna we Sehene, Bikotwa, Runiga na mwene wabo Nyiriminega, Seruteganya, Nzigiye n’umuhungu we Rwatangabo, Rusine n’umuhungu we Rubindo, Ndarwubatse n’umuhungu we Kanyonyomba, Kazanenda, Ndongozi, Runyange, Mugenzi, Rubago, Ntamuhanga (i Bwisha inyuma y’ibirunga). Abo bose bakwirakwizaga icyubahiro n’ishema bikwiriye umwami Imyimikire y’Abami

Nkuko amateka abigaragaza Abami bose b’u Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya.Iyo miterere y’inkomoko y’Abami ikavuga ko Umwami iyo yabaga yatanze yagombaga gusimburwa n’Umuhungu we,bityo bityo kugeza ku ndunduro.Ikindi kandi nuko mu mihango y’Abiru bimitsi ivuga ko Umwana wagombaga gusimbura Se ku Ngoma yagombaga kuba yaravukanye imbuto.Aha ntawambazaga uko byagendaga kugirango umwana w’Umwami avukane imbuto,ibyo byari amabanga y’ubwiru nkuko iyo nyito yabwo iri.Umwami iyo yimaga yagiraga izina ry’ubwami .hakiyongeraho n’izina rye bwite yiswe n’ababyeyi be.Umwami yahitagamo izina uko abyumva akiha amatwara y’imitegekere uko abishaka,agashyiraho Abatware b’Intara z’igihugu .ab’Ingabo ,ab’ubutaka n’abandi ,ntacyo agendeyeho.

Ahasaga mu w’1576 kugeza mu w’1609,ku ngoma y’Umwami w’i Gasabo KIGELI II NYAMUHESHERA niwe washyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho ntakuka w’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami.Ashyiraho itonde ry’amazina y’Ubwami uko azajya akurikirana ku Ngoma, n’amatwara y’abo Bami igihe izina iri n’iri rizaba rigezweho.Iryo Tonde ryabaga riteye ritya :

  • MUTARA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI
  • CYILIMA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI

Ni ukuvuga ko buri zina ry’Ubwami ryagarukaga buri Ngoma 3, usibye Mutara na Cyilima

Ayo mazina yabaga afite icyo asobanura kijyanye n’Amatwara n’inshingano Umwami uzitwa iryo zina agomba kugenderaho .Ayo mazina yasobanuraga gutya dukurikije amatwara yayo nuko akurikirana. Turebye uko Nyamuheshera yagiye ayakurikiranya habanzaga MUTARA aribyo bivuga “UMWAMI W’AMATUNGO”.Iryo zina yarisimburanagaho na CYILIMA.Ariko bose intego n’amatwara yabo ari amwe. Umwami wabaga yimye iryo zina ariryo rigezweho ,yagombaga kwita ku bworozi ,cyane cyane Inka z’Inyambo.Dore ko arizo zari zigize ubukungu bw’Igihugu mu gihe cyo ha mbere.Uwo Mwami iyo yaterwaga yaritabaraga ,ariko we ntiyateraga.Aha twabibutsa ko ariho havuye ya mvugo yamamaye mu Rwanda igira iti “u Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa “ Izina ry’Ubwami ryakurikiragaho ni irya KIGELI .Bikaba bivuga “UMWAMI W’INKOTANYI “Iyo iryo zina ryabaga rigezweho, amatwara y’uwo Mwami kuva yimye ingoma kugeza atanze, yari ayo kugaba ibitero byo kwagura igihugu no kwihimura ku Bami babaga barihaye gusuzugura u Rwanda.Aha nkuko bigaragara mu mateka, ba Kigeli akaba aribo Bami baguye u Rwanda cyane, dutanze urugero rwa Kigeli IV Rwabugiri wahigitse amahanga kakahava. Izina rya Gatatu ryari irya YUHI .Bikaba bisobanura “UMWAMI W’UMURIRO “ .Impamvu yitwaga Umwami w’umuriro ,nuko ku Ngoma ye yagombaga kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu.Akaba Umwami w’Intagondwa ku buryo ntawabasha kuvogera igihugu cyangwa se Abaturage bacyo.Yuhi,yari Umwami wagombaga kubungabunga Umuco w’Igihugu ku buryo urushaho gusakara muri bene wo.Icyo gihe hakirindwa ko hagira indi mico y’amahanga yavogera umuco w’I Rwanda.Urugero rwa hafi twabaha ni urwa Yuhi IV Musinga wanze kubatizwa ngo yitwe izina rya kabiri nk’abandi bose.Agasubiza ko aho kwitwa izina ry’abazungu yakwitwa izina rya ba Sekuruza be ,dore ko nabo bari bafite amazina meza kandi yuje ubutwari.Icyo gihe yanze kwitwa izina rya bamwe bita Abatagatifu ,avuga ko atakwitwa amazina y’abazimu b’abazungu kandi hari ab’I Rwanda bo bazwi ko hari icyo bamariye igihugu ,atanga urugero rwa se Rwabugili.Kwemera kwe Ubukirisitu biragorana cyane,kuko yavugaga ko “Imana azi ari Imana y’I Rwanda” naho iy’abazungu yo ntayo azi .Icyo twabibutsa ,nuko muri icyo gihe byatumye ku wa 5/1/1931 abazungu bamuca ku Ngoma ,bakamucira I Kamembe,nyuma yaho akaza guhungira iMoba ari naho yaguye!.Aha akaba ari naho hagaragara Umwami w’Icyamamare muri ba Yuhi witwaga YUHI IV GAHINDIRO wabayeho ahasaga mu w’1746,nawe wamamaye mu Bami b’u Rwanda.Icyamuteye kwamamara ,nuko yari Umwami w’umunyamahoro,bikaba bivugwa ko ku Ngoma ye nta Muntu n’umwe yigeze yica.Akaba yari Ingoma yuje Ituze ,umutekano n’ubugiraneza bwinshi,akaba ariyo Ngoma imwe rukubi yabayemo amahoro n’ubwisanzure bisesuye.Ibyo bikaba byatangirwa ubuhamya n’Ibikomangoma NTAMWETE na barumuna be bo mu Gisaka yahaye ubuhungiro ,ubwo Rugeyo yari yigize Igikomangoma Zigama cy’I Burundi agatera I Gisaka. Izina rya Kane ari naryo rya nyuma ,ryari irya MIBAMBWE.Rikaba rivuga “UMWAMI W’UBURUMBUKE “.Izina ry’uwo Mwami iyo ryabaga rigezweho ,yagombaga kwita ku burumbuke bw’abantu ,imyaka n’amatungo.Igihugu kigahorana ubukungu butajegajega.Bityo abaturage bakarindwa indwara z’ibyorezo n’iz’ibiza zazengerezaga amatungo.Uwo Mwami nawe yagabaga ibitero,ariko bitari byinshi.Ibitero bye ,bikaba byari ibyo kunyaga inka zo mu yandi mahanga mu rwego rwo kongera iziri mu Rwanda.Yanagabaga ibitero byo kugaruza izabaga zanyazwe n’andi mahanga.Ibitero byo kwagura igihugu byo ,yabihariraga ba Kigeri.

Mu gushyiraho amazina y’Abami, nuko azajya akurikirana,hari amazina yagiye akurwaho bitewe n’ibikorwa byakozwe ku Ngoma zabo,cyangwa se kuba nta gikorwa kizwi uwo mwami yakoreye Igihugu.Urugero twatanga ni nk’urwa Ruganzu Ndoli wakoze ibikorwa byinshi by’indengakamere,bakagira n’ibindi bamwitirira,ariko kuba nta mwana we numwe yabiraze ndetse nta n’Umwami n’umwe mu bamukurikiye wigeze akora nkawe,byatumye izina rye rikurwa mu mazina y’Abami b’u Rwanda .Akaba ari naho bakurije bamwita “Igicucu Ruganzu “ Izina rya NDAHIRO naryo ryakuwe mu mihango y’Ubwiru bwimitsi ,bitewe nuko ku Ngoma ye ariho mu mateka yarwo rwagirijwe n’amahanga by’akabura rugero, ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro II Cyamatara ,ubwo u Rwanda rwibasirwaga n’igitero cya Nsibura Nyebunga Umwami w’ I Bunyabungo,wahereye ku mage u Rwanda rwari rurimo y’Ibikomangoma byo kwa Yuhi Gahima byarimo kurwanira Ingoma,Icyo gihe Nsibura Nyebunga yivugana Ndahiro Cyamatara ,anyaga n’Ingabe yarwo Rwoga.Iryo zina Ndahiro ryakuwe mu mazina y’ubwami kubera iryo shyano ry’urupfu rwapfakaje u Rwanda rukanyagwa n’Ingabe yerwo Rwoga,u Rwanda rukirenza imyaka isaga 10 muri ako kangaratete;rwaciriweho iteka ry’uko nta Mwami uzongera kwitwa iryo zina Ndahiro ry’ ubwami.aha akaba ariho havuye umuhango tubona mu Bwiru witwa “Gukura Gicurasi “ Ikindi Nyamuheshera yakoze, nuko yashyizeho gahunda nyayo igenga Ubwiru, ashyiraho gahunda y’Abiru b’Imihango, ashyiraho n’imitwe yAbiru n’inshingano zabo.Ni nawe waciye iteka ry’uko Umwiru Mwimitsi agomba kuzajya ava mu biru b’Abatege, naho Abiru bo kwa Rutsobe (ariwe nkomoko y’Abatsobe) nibo bari bafite inshingano yo gutanga abatabazi batabariraga igihugu, bakaba ari nabo bashingwa iby’umuganura.Nyamuheshera agena imikorere y’Abatware b’Ubutaka, Ab’Inyambo n’ab’Ingabo.

Umwami yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye .Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga .Muri make Ubuzima bw’abaturage b’igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye.Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’Umwami,inka zari iz’umwami ,ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’umwami ,abagore babaga ari ab’umwami,abana babaga ari ab’umwami n’ibindi.Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka ,rikubahirizwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kubana ,abuzukuru,abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa

Imitorerwe y’Abagabekazi

Amatwara y’ Ingoma-Ngabe aboneka mu bwiru, yavugaga ko iyo Umwami yimaga ,yimananaga Nyina ,Umwami akaba Umugabe w’igihugu ,undi akaba Umugabekazi wacyo.Umugabekazi yanganyaga ububasha n’Umwami .Ibyemezo byose biyobora igihugu bakabifatira hamwe.Ariko na none nubwo mahame ya Cyami yavugaga ko abagore bose babaga ari ab’umwami ,ntibishaka kuvuga ko umugore w’umwami wese yashoboraga kuba umugabekazi.Umwami yagiraga Umwamikazi umwe ,abandi bakaba inshoreke.Bityo rero Umuwamikazi yagiraga aho akomoka akaba ari nawe uzaba umugabekazi ,agategekana n’umuhungu we igihwe umwami yabaga yatanze. Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma Nyiginya y’I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w’1090 kugeza mu w’1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo Abagabekazi, bagiraga imiryango n’ubwoko bakomokamo.Umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA .Ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara Abagabekazi. Ibibanda biba bine: abo tuvuze batatu bakomoka ku Bimanuka - Abega, Abaha n'Abakono - ubwoko bwa kane bukaba ubwo mu Basangwabutaka aribo Basinga. Abagabekazi ba mbere bavukaga mu miryango y’Abasangwabutaka, b'Abazigaba n'abandi Basinga. Ku Ngoma ya RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345, niho habayeho amahinduka.Inzu yose y’abasangwabutaka (Abazigaba n’abasinga bose ) bacibwa ku ngoma ku bera ubugome bagize kuri iyo Ngoma,ntibongera kuvamo Abagabekazi.Icyo gihe Abaha nabo babigenderamo nabo birukanwa gutyo . Ingoma y’Ubugabekazi isigarana Abega n’Abakono bonyine .Kuva icyo gihe Abega barica barakiza, kubera ko ahanini aribo bari igishyitsi gisengasiye Ingoma Nyiginya.Kuko usibye Umwami wenyine wavaga mu Banyiginya, indi mirimo ikomeye yose yagengwaga n’Abega bitewe no kugiramo Umugabekazi,nawe akarwana ishyaka ryo kuzamura bene wabo bityo bagashyigikira ingoma y’umuhungu wabo.Icyo twakongeraho ,nuko Umwami yashoboraga gushaka no mu bundi bwoko ,ariko uwo ashatse yitwaga umugore w’Umwami gusa nta kindi yamaraga ku Ngoma.Iyo Umwami yimaga Ingoma Nyina atakiriho ngo amubere Umugabekazi,Ubwiru bavugaga ko ,bamushakira umugore umwe muri bene wabo wa nyina akamubera Umugabekazi .Icyo gihe bagombaga guhera mu rugo rw’I Bwami bakareba niba mu bagore b’Umwami nta wundi ukomokamo ufitanye isano na nyina.Iyo bamubonagamo niwe bagiraga Umugabekazi,ariko icyo gihe akaba ataragombaga kuba ahetse undi mwana w’umuhungu ukomoka ku Mwami watanze.Iyo ntawe babonaga mu rugo rw’I bwami bajyaga gushaka mu bandi basangiye ubwoko n’umuryango na nyina ariko nabwo buramukiwe no gutanga Abagabekazi

Nyuma yaho gato ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli ahasaga mu w’1510, niho yahinduye gahunda y’ubwiru ho gatoya, ashaka Umugabekazi wo mu Basinga, kuko nyina NYABACUZI yari yarapuye.Impamvu yabiteye Bavuga ko ari we wihitiyemo nyina, kandi atari no mu bwoko buramukiwe, kuko yari Umusingakazi, kandi icyo gihe ingoma yari iy'Abakono. Yihitiramo Nyirarumaga, umukobwa w'Abasinga, kandi bari baraciwe ku ngoma na Ruganzu wa mbere Bwimba. Ruganzu Ndoli ibyo ntiyabikurikiza, ahitamo uwo Musingakazi Nyirarumaga, kubera akamaro yari yamugiriye, amuhisha abanzi, akanamucisha muri wa Mwobo w'Inyaga, akazatunguka i Rwanda .Icyo gihe afata izina ry ‘Ubugabekazi rya Nyirarumaga Nyiraruganzu. Ibyo ari byo byose, uwo Mugabekazi yagize akamaro cyane, aba Umubyeyi w'U Rwanda, aba n'Umwigisa mukuru warwo. Tukaba twababwira ko Nyirarumaga ariwe watangije inganzo y’Ubusizi mu Rwanda rwacu, atangira ahanga Ibisigo bigufi bitaga “IBINYETO “Nyuma yaho haziraho Ibisigo by’Impakanizi, iby’Ibyanzu, n’iby’Ikobyo. Nyirarumaga ni we wabaye wa nyuma ukomoka mu Basunga kuva kuri Ruganzu Ndori, Abasinga ntibongeye gusubira ku ngoma. Basimbujwe Abega.

Abiru b’imihango

Abiru Bari abagaragu n’Abanyamabanga b’ingoma, bakaba abarinzi b’umuco n’umurage w’I bwami, bakaba abayobozi b’amateka y ’ u Rwanda, mbese bari nk’inkingi n’urumuri rw’Igihugu. Ubundi kandi Abiru bari abantu batorewe kuvuza ingoma z’imivugo cyangwa se z’imihango .Uwo mwuga bakawukuranwaho bafata igihe, bikitwa “Kuzirika ukwezi”

Tugiye kwibanda ku Biru b’imihango y’ingoma kuko igitinyiro n’uruhare bari bafite mu mateka y’igihugu, byatumaga baying intera y’ubwami.Mbere y’ingoma ya Yuhi VI Gahindiro, abiru bari bake cyane.Gahindiro niwe wategetse kongera umubare wabo uriyopngera.Ubwiru cyangwa se “Ibanga ry’ ingoma “bwari mu bisigo byateganyaga imihango yagombaga gukorwa mu mico y’ingoma, mu mitegekere y’Igihugu no mu mubano wacyo n’amahanga , kugirango hoye icyahungabanya ingoma.

Ubwo rero Abiru b’imihango Bari abantu b’icyubahiro, bakagira impugu bagenga n’Ingabe, kandi Ubwiru bukaba uruhererekane mu muryango.Dore uko abo Biru bakurikiranaga mu cyubahiru. Umwiru wo kwa Rutsobe

Abiru bo kwa Rutsobe babaga bafite amazina y’icyubahiro cy’u bwami .Dore uko bakurikiranaga: Nyaruhungura Nyunga Birege Rubango Ingabe yabo yitwaga RWAMO, n’iyayo KIRUHURA.Umurwa wabo ukaba wari KINYAMBI mu Rukoma Perefegitura ya Gitarama (Ubu ni mu Karere ka Kamonyi) nabo bari bafite n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga abatabazi “Bamenaga amaraso yabo “kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire amahanga.Gakondo niyo yabazwaga: Umuganura.Abahinzi bawo nabo bakagira amazina y’ ubwami; dore uko bakurikiranaga ku mazina: Nyamurasa Musama Mumbogo

Umurwa wabo wari HURO ho muBusarasi aribwo bwaje nyuma kwitwa Ubumbogo .Ingabe yabo yari KARIHEJURU. Umwiru -mwimitsi Umwiru –Mwimitsi yabaga ari uwo mu nzu y’Abatege, ingoma ye ikaba Busarure ikagira n’igisingizo cyayo: Ya ngangare ni ya ngoma yacu Ruyenzi Niyo Nyamurunga.Aho baba ye ! Yavutse mu Ndoha zihorana ishya ye Rubanda ikarigira! Umwiru – mwimitsi yabaga ari umugaba w’Abaragutsi baragiraga Kiragutse n’uw’Abakaraza baragiraga Indamutsa. Ingoro y’Umwiru – mwimitsi yari I Remera ya Kabagali. Yamenyeshaga Kalinga itanga ry’ Umwami. Mukomangando watanze kuri Repubulika ya mbere , niwe wari warimitse Musinga. Umwiru wa Kalinga

Umwiru wa Kalinga yari uwo mu Bakobwa bari bashinzwe kumenya RWOGA, aho Kalinga yimikiwe begurirwa Kalinga. Umwiru wa Kalinga niwe wagengaga umutwe w’ingabo zeguriwe Kalinga witwaga “Abanyakalinga –ishyama”

Umwiru wa Nyamweru Umwiru –mwami wa Nyamweru yari uwo mu Bakono, umurwa ukaba Nyamweru, umusozi w’u Bumbogo uteganye na Kigali y’ u Bwanacyambwe.Bimikwaga n’ ingoma yitwa NKURUNZIZA.Bakurikiranaga ku mazina y’u Bwami ariyo: Butare Nkima Cyabakanga Abo Bami bagiraga indi ngoma, umurwa wayo ukaba Rubingo ho mu Buriza.Amazina ya cyami akaba: Sazi Mugina Muvunyi Umwiru wa Nyamweru, niwe wari uhatse ibanga ry’isimburana ry’Amoko ku Bagabekazi. Umwiru wa Cyimugizi

Umwiru wa Cyimugizi yari umutware w’Abatandura, akaba umurinzi w’Ingabekazi “Cyimugizi “.Yari n’ umutware w’ingabo zishinzwe iyo ngoma.Ni nawe wari umurinzi w’Ingabekazi “NANGAMADUMBU “ Umwiru wo mu Batezi

Umutware wo mu Abatezi yari ashinzwe Ingabekazi “ICYUMWE”, akaba n’umugaba w’ingabo z’Abashira-mujinya.ICYUMWE imaze guhira ku Rucunshu uwo mwanya nawo uyongera muri iyo nkongi. Umwiru -Mucuzi Umwiru -mucuzi yari umutware w’Abenemuhinda bakomoka kuri Muhinda.Yari ashinzwe Inyundo z’Ingoma zari zikomeye mu mihango, zikaba ari nazo umwami yiseguraga. Umurinzi wa Kalinga Umugaragu wa Kalinga yari umwiru wakomokaga mu Benenyamigezi.Kalinga yabanje kugira ikiraro cyayo kwa Nyamigezi, mbere yo kwimikwana Ruganzu Ndoli.Yamaze kwimikwa, uwo muhango ubera ABENENYAMIGEZI Karande.

  • Ingoma –Ngabe yari umutima w’Igihugu n’isoko y’ubusugire n’ubusagambe bwacyo, ikaba n’ingena-mibanire y’Abami na Rubanda
  • Indamutsa nayo yari inkesha-mubano w’Abami n’Abaturage, ikaranga ishyaka ry’umurimo n’umutekano, Igihugu kigatunga kigatunganirwa.
  • Hari itara rimena urwijiji rw’ubuvumo rikabonesha.Mu Rwanda rwo hambere hahoze Umuriro wahanganye n’Ingoma –Nyiginya, Abanyamuriro bagombaga guhembera ubudahwema, mbega ukaba urumuri rw’igihugu, indanga-busugire bw’ingoma y’ u Rwanda rwa Gasabo. Uwo muriro wa Gihanga utarazimaga, ukaba ikimenyetso cy’ubusugire bw’Ingoma Nyiginya, waje kuzima mu w’1936.
  • Mu Rwanda rwa kera hari na none Inyundo ya Gihanga yacuze u Rwanda, ikaba indanga –ntango y’ubusagambe bw’ U Rwanda rugali rwa Gasabo rwibarutse u Rwanda rwacu rw’impinga ndende n’imirambi agahumbagiza abavantara bita “Mille Colline “

Uretse ko izo nkoresho ndanda-muco karande w’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo, hari n’ingoma z’ibirori, z’ibitaramo, zikaba inkesha-mubano w’Abami n’abandi baturarwanda.

=Abanyamihango b’I Bwami

Imirimo yo ku rurembo yabaga ari myinshi, ariko iy’ingenzi yajyanaga n’ubwiru, n’ubutegetsi, imanza, itabaro, imibanire y’abagaraguna ba shebuja, ndetse hakaziramo n’ubucurabwenge.Abanyamihango b’I Bwami bari aba ng’aba ukurikije uko barutanwa mu nzego. 1.Umwami :Niwe wari umukuru w’igihugu w’ikirenga

2.Umugabekazi :Yari nyina w’Umwami ,agategekana nawe ,bakanganya ububasha mu gufata ibyemezo biyobora igihugu

3.Umwamikazi: N’ubwo umwami yagiraga abagore benshi, ariko havagamo umwe w’inkundwakazi akitirwa umugabo we agafata iryo zina.Ariko nta bubasha yagiraga mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo biyobora igihugu, kereka iyo umuhungu we yimaga ingoma, Nyamara nawe yari umwe mu banyacyubahiro b’I Bwami, akubahirwa umugabo we .

4. Abatware b’intebe:batwaraga intara z’ igihugu

5. Abatware b’Inyambo:Babaga bashinzwe kwita ku bworozi,cyane cyane inka z’inyambo

6. Abatware b’ubutaka: Babaga bashinzwe imirimo yose ijyanye n’ubutaka, nko gukata ibikingi, kwita ku burumbuke n’ibindi.

7. Abatware b’ingabo :Bari bashinzwe ubusugire bw’igihugu

8. Ibisonga :Byakoreshaga uburetwa n’amakoro ku misozi

9. Abahamagazi: Bari abagaragu b’Ibisonga, bakayobora imirenge ku birongozi, mu by’uburetwa.

10. Abiru :Bari abanyamabanga n’abagaragu b’ingoma

11. Abagaragu b’ Umwami: baramushagara mw’ irambagira ry’ igihugu, bakagenda hamwe n’ itara rya rubanda rw’ umwami.

12. Abamotsi :Bari bashinzwe itangazamakuru ry’I bwami,no kumenyesha rubanda gahunda z’ubuyobozi

13. Abatahira: Bari .abagaragu b’abatware b’inyambo, bashinzwe kwita ku myororokere y’amashyo aya n’aya.

14. Abarenzamase:Bari abagaragu b’Abatahira ,bashinzwe kwahirira inka no kuzikukira

15. Abagendanyi:basasaga ibirago n’ ibyahi mu ngando z’ Umwami

16. Abagaba b’Ingabo:bagengaga imitwe y’ ingerero bakagaba ibitero

17. Abavuzi b’amacumu ;Bari bashinzwe itangazamakuru ry’ibyabereye ku rugamba

18. Abanyenzoga :Babaga bashinzwe inzoga z’I bwami umunsi ku wundi

19. Abanyamuheto:bacaga isaso

20. Intore:zahamirizaga mu matorero zigatoranywamo n’ ingabo z’ ingerero

21. Intasi:zagenzuraga imiterere y’ ibyaro n’ iy’ ibitero by’ ayo mahanga

22. Intarindwa: bari abahetsi b’ abamikazi

23. Intumwa:zoherezwaga mu butumwa bw’ amoko yose

24. Izimukwiye: bari abatwakazi babyiniraga Umwami

25. Imparamba:zateraga amasuka baterekereye kwa Nyirakigeli

26. Abatora: bubakaga inzu z’ ingando z’ Umwami

27. Abakannyi:bararaga izamu

28. Abadaraza:babohaga ibisenge by’ ingoro y’ umwami

29. Abanyakambere:bamenyaga iby’ amata ,isuku yo mu nzu, n’ibindi byose bijyanye n’uruhimbi

30. Abarigisi:bakamenya ibyo mu Kagondo

31. Abanyabyuma :bacurishaga n’ izindi ntwaro bakamenya amagaza y’ I bwami

32. Abanyabigagara:babuganizaga amata mu bisabo bagacunda bakavuruga

33. Banyirumugezi:basukuraga amariba y’ I bwami

34. Abakutsi:Bayoraga ivu n’imyanda

35. Abanyansika:Babohaga insika z’amazu y’ I Bwami

36. Abadogoro:bari abakecuru bakuburaga ku karubanda bagahabwa amacunda

37. Urubinda-mahwa:bari abakobwa b’ inshizi z’ isoni bakarema “Urukatsa”

38. Abajarajazi:bamenyaga umurimo w’ urubumbiro bakawuhembera

39. Abanyamuheno: bari abashumba b’ inguge y’ I bwami yakoreshwaga mu mihango yo kwimika umwami mushya

40. Abacurabwenge:bari abanyantekerezo n’ amateka y’ Igihugu

41. Abasizi:bahimbaga ibisigo bisingiza ingoma,bakitwa Intiti zitekererza ingoma

42. Abakongori:bararaguraga bagahanurira Ingoma

43. Abanyamuganura:baganuzaga umwami

44. Abavubyi: bakavuba imvura

45. Abahoryo: bakavuma ibyonnyi

46. Abahennyi:bakavuma ababisha

47. Abanyamasubyo :bagahamura imiti y’ amahumane

48. Abahaditsi :Bavuraga inka

49. Abaziritsi:bakavuza ingoma z’ I bwami bakuranwa ku bihe

50. Uwazirikishaga: akaba umutware w’ abo biru b’ abaziritsi

51. Uwakiraga imirishyo: ku ngoma ya Musinga akaba Rwiyama rwa Senyamisage akayakirira ku nteko y’ ishimiro ry’imirishyo i Gaseke kwa Cyilima. Ibyo bikagenda gutyo kuri iyo gahunda.

Mu by’ukuri imigenzereze Y’Ingoma –Nyiginya ni urugero rusange umuntu yavuga ko ari « Ingoma y’Ubwisanzure  » burangwa no kwigarurira impugu nyinshi, «Ingoma y’ubugaragu  », burangwa n’ituze ry’igaba n’igabana ry’inka arizo zagaragazaga ubukungu bw’Igihugu, ari nayo shingiro ry’Ubuhake « Ingoma y’umuheto » wari indanga-Ntego y’Ingoma Nyiginya, wagamburuje inkiko z’ishyanga.Ayo akaba ariyo matwara rusange y’Ingoma Nyiginya yari itetse mu Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo.

Inganzo z’Abanditsi twisunze

  • Inganji Kalinga I, Kabgayi 1943 (KAGAME Alexis)
  • Inganji Karinga Ed. Kagbayi (Myr Kagame Alexis 1959)
  • Le Rwanda ancien et modern, Kabgayi 1959 (LOUIS de Lacger)
  • Un abrege de l’Ethino- Histoire du Rwanda, Butare 1972 (KAGAME Alexis)
  • Amateka y’Afurika, Kigali 1987 (MUREKUMBANZE Gr.)
  • Le Bushiru et son Muhinza (M.Pauwels)
  • Ingoma I Rwanda 1992 (P.SIMPENZWE Gaspard)
  • Le Bushiru et son Muhinza (M.Pauwels)
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