Amoko y’Abanyarwanda
Mu Rwanda kuva na kera habagamo amoko,amoko yabagaho akaba yari amoko y’Umuryango mugali w’abantu aba n’aba.Nkuko amataka y’u Rwanda abigaragaza,amoko y’abanyarwanda yari 18.Ariko yakagombye kuba ari 19 ,usibye ubwoko bumwe bwazimye burundu aribwo bw’Abahondogo bari batuye mu Gihugu cy’ u Bugesera.
Ibyo bikaba byarabaye ku Ngoma y’Umwami w’u Rwanda Mibambwe II Mutabazi II Sentabyo wateye NSORO IV NYAMUGETA Umwami w’u Bugesera hagapfa Abahondogo benshi,n’abasigaye biyitirira ubundi bwoko ,kugirango bakize amagara yabo.Ibyo bikaba byarabaye ahasaga mu w’1741 kugeza mu w’1746.Ariko niyo unasuzumye neza usanga hari ubwoko bwagiye bubyara ubundi,urugero twatanga ni nk’ABANYIGINYA babyaye ABASINDI.
Andi moko aboneka mu Rwanda, ni amoko y’inzu y’umuntu uyu n’uyu, umuntu akabyara ,abamukomokaho bakamwitirirwa kugeza ku buzukuruza ,ubuvivi n’ubuvivure.Iyo usuzumye neza ugacukumbura bihagije ,usanga buri bwoko (Yaba ubw’umuryango mugari cyangwa ubw’inzu ) usanga ari ubwoko bukomoka ku izina ry’igisekuruza gishyize kera.
Andi Moko akaba akomoka ku mibereho n’imiterere y’umuryango uyu n’uyu.Umuryango wiganjemo abantu b’abatunzi ,bakawuha izina iri n’iri rizatinda rikavamo ubwoko.Umuryango ukennye ,cyangwa se wifashije gahoro ,nawo bakawuha izina iri n’iri naryo rizatinda rikabyara ubwoko.Icyo twavuga aha ngaha ,kandi gikomeye ,nuko amoko y’Abanyarwanda atigeze abonekera rimwe,ahubwo yagiye ahangwa gahoro gahoro ,bitewe n’uko igihugu cyagiye gikura ari nako kigwiza amaboko.Reka ducukumbure neza iby’ayo moko duhereye ku Banyiginya n’Abasindi.
Contents
Inkomoko y’ABANYIGINYA n’ABASINDI
ABANYIGINYA ni ijambo rikomoka ku rurimi rw’Urunyankore ,aribyo bivuga : « ABANTU BARAMBYE KU BUKIRE N’UBUPFURA » bishatse kuvuga abatunzi ba kera bafite uruhererekane rw’ubutunzi mu imyaka amagana n’amagana ,batari abakire ba vuba cyangwa se ngo babe abakire bahoranye ubukene(abakire b’inkirabuheri ). Bakaba bari abakire bo muri icyo gihe, barambye ku bukire mu bwoko buvukamo abami.Abandi bo muri ubwo bwoko badafite ubukire buhagije (Ni ukuvuga ibikomangoma bitabashije kugira ubutunzi bwinshi) ,bitwa ABASINDI nka Yuhi I Musindi bakomokaho.Ibyo bikaba bishobora kwerekana ko Umusindi w’umukire yashoboraga kuba Umunyiginya ,n’Umunyiginya w’umukene yashoboraga kuba Umusindi,yakongera kugira umutungo uhagije ,akongera gusubira mu Bunyiginya.Naho havuye ubwoko bw’Abanyiginya n’Abasindi,ariko usuzumanye ubushishozi ,usanga bose ari abo mu nzu imwe y’Abanyiginya kuko aribo bari bafite ingoma y’Igihugu kandi ni nabo Umwami Yuhi I Musindi akomokamo.Uru rugero rutanzwe haruguru rukaba rugaragaza neza inkomoko nyayo y’amoko.
Inkomoko y’Abatutsi,Abahutu n’Abatwa
Izina Abatutsi ni Izina rusange ry’Abakomoka kuri MUTUTSI wari Mwene Gihanga cya Kazi ka Kizira cya Gisa cya Randa rya Merano ya Kobo ka Kijuru cya Kimanuka cya Muntu wa Kigwa cya Nkuba, ari we Shyerezo ".Abo bitaga Abatutsi ,ni amoko y’abakomoka kuri Mututsi uko ibisekuruza byabo bingana kuko ni byinshi .Dore amwe muri ayo moko y’abakomoka kuri Mututsi:
I.Abakomoka kuri Serwega rwa Mututsi:
- ABEGA
II. Abakomoka kuri Ntandayera ya Mututsi
- ABAKONO
- ABAHA
Aba akaba aribo bitaga « IBIBANDA »bikaba bivuga ubwoko bwavagamo Abagabekazi.Bikaba bigaragza ko Abatutsi bari mo amoko atatu.
Noneho andi bakomoka kuri Gihanga batari abo kwa Mututsi nabo bari bafite amoko yabo,ayo akaba ari aya akurikira :
III.Amoko y’abakomoka kuri Gihanga :
- ABANYIGINYA
- ABASHAMBO
- ABAHONDOGO
- ABATSOBE
Nyuma y’aho haza kuziraho n’Ubundi bwoko bw’abakomoka kuri Yuhi I Musindi ,bafata izina ry’ubwoko bw’ « ABASINDI».Kugeza ahasaga mu mwaka w’ 1180 mu RWANDA hari ayo moko uko ari 8.Ayo moko uko ari 8 yaje kwishyira hamwe arema umuryango w’Igikonyozi n’ubuhangange bushingiye ku bworozi bw’Inka,icyo gihe zari zimaze no kugwira mu gihugu.Uwo muryango ntibawuhaye izina rishya ,ahubwo bafashe irya Mututsi ,ahubwo bariha ubundi busobanuro.Guhera icyo gihe (mu w’1180) izina ry ‘ubututsi risobanura “UMUTUNZI” ariko akaba ari umutunzi w’inka gusa.Muri icyo kibariro (ku ngoma ya Yuhi I Musindi ) nibwo noneho imiryango yari ifite inka nyinshi yatangiye gushaka abashumaba n’abazikukira badakomoka muri iyo miryango.Abo babonye bakabashakira izina rihabanye n’iryabo ariryo “UMUHUTU”.Nyuma y’aho haziraho n’andi moko akomoka kuri iyo miterere igihugu cyari kigezemo.
Bitewe nuko Abanyiginya binjiye mu Rwanda baturutse muri Ankole,amazina menshi bagiye bakoresha mu bihugu babaga batsinze yabaga afite inkomoko r’Urunyankore ,urugero ni nk’izina « UMWIRU(mu Kinyankore bavuga UMUYIRU ) » bivuga umugaragu w’ingoma , « UMUHINZA » bivuga uwo rubanda rukesha imbuto n’ubuhinzi .Umuhutu ryo ni izina rikomoka mu Runyankore bivuga « UMUGARAGU W’ABANDI BAGARAGU »,Aha bikaba bigaragaza ko ubugaragu bw’Umwiru bwari buhabanye n’ubw’Umuhutu ,kuko Umwiru yabaga ari umugaragu w’Ingoma ,naho umuhutu akaba umugaragu w’Umwiru n’Abandi batware.Umuhutu rikaba ryari izina rusange ry’abagaragu kuri ba Sebuja.Aha bikaba bigaragra ko Ubuhutu butari ubwoko,ahubwo bwari imiterere y’imirimo yabagaho mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.
Nkuko inkomoko y’andi moko yagiye igaragara,niko n’umuryango w’Abatwa wavutse.Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragazako Igihugu kigitangira guturwa,cyabanjemo Impunyu ziberaga mu ishyamba zitunzwe no guhinga inyamaswa z’ishyamba icyo gihe igihugu cyari gituwe n’ ubwoko bw’ « IMPUNYU ».Uko igihugu cyagiye giturwa niko n’abakigezemo mbere bagiye bahindura imibereho ,bigatuma n’imiryango yabo ihindura inyito nkuko twabibonye haruguru,kugeza ubeo ubwoko bw’Impunyu bwazimye burundu.Ariko icyo twabibutsa ahanagaha ,nuko amoko menshi yagaragaye aruko Abanyiginya batangiye kwigarurira ibindi bihugu.Abaturage bagiye bava muri ayo mashyamba ,bakareka guhiga bagiye bafata indi ntera bakitwa n’andi mazina ,ariho twabonye ko Abanyiginya babise Abahinza aribyo bivuga abo rubanda rukesha imyaka n’imbuto nk’uko twabibonye haruguru kubera ko basanze baratangiye guhinga bararetse guhiga ,iryo zina rikaba ryerekana isumbwe n’itandukaniro Abanyiginya babarushaga ry’uko bo bari abatunzi bakize ku Nka.Abandi bayobotse ubworozi bw’Inka zari zadukwanywe n’Abanyiginya bagafata indi ntera n’ubundi bwoko.Noneho muri iryo hindagurika ry ‘imiterere y’imibereho y’abari batuye igihugu cy’ u Rwanda,abasigaye inyuma batitaye ku majyambere abandi bagezeho ,bagakomeza gukora imirimo abandi bita ko isuzuguritse hanyuma y’iyindi ,nibo biswe « ABATWA » aribyo bivuga « INSUZUGURWA CYANGWA se IBIBURABWENGE ».Aha bikaba bitugaragariza ko Abatwa nabo batari ubwoko ,ahubwo ryari izina rusange ry’abantu basigaye inyuma mu mateka ntibashobore kugendana n’abandi mu kubaka igihugu,ntibite ku iterambere abandi bagezeho ngo baryigane ,ahubwo bakihamira mu byabo bya kera.
Inkomoko y’andi moko
Kubera ko hari havutse imitwe itatu y’amoko ishingiye ku butunzi n’imibereho rusange y’Abanyarwanda,hahise havuka n’andi moko y’abibohoje ubukene bakava ku bugaragu nabo bagatunga,aho guhakwa ,ahubwo bagahaka.Muri icyo gihe niho havutse ijambo « KWIHUTURA »bivuga gusezera ku bugaragu nawe ukadamarara ukaba umutware n’umutunzi nk’Abandi Batutsi.Muri icyo kibariro hakaba haravutse amoko agera kuri 3 y’abari bamaze gucengerwa n’ubworozi bw’inka zadukanywe n’Abanyiginya.Ayo moko ni aya akurikira :
VI.Abatutsi b’ibyihuture
- ABAGESERA B’ABAZIRANKENDE (Bari batuye mu Gisaka)
- ABAZIGABA
- ABASINGA
Nyuma y’abo bahutu basezeye ku bugaragu bakaba abatunzi ,haje kubaho inkomoko y’andi moko akomoka ku Mvange y’ugushyingirana kw’Abatutsi nyirizina n’Abatutsi b’ibyihuture.Iyo mvange niyo bise « ABATUTSI B’IMPAGA »aribyo bivuga ubwoko bw’Abatutsi bwabayeho ku mpamvu runaka ,akenshi bukaba bukomoka ku moko abiri ashyingiranye.Ariko icyo twababwira aha ngaha,nuko kwitwa Umututsi w’Impaga nabyo byabaga ari icyubahiro cya nyirabyo ,kuko byasaga no kwimuka ku ipeti bagushyira ku rindi,bikaba nkuko Papa akura umuntu mu Bakirisitu basanzwe akamushyira mu Bahire cya ngwa se mu Batagatifu.Aba Batutsi b’Impaga ni ubwoko bwagiye bubaho kubera impamvu runaka isa nk’igitangaza,aha twatanga urugero nk’Abasyete bakomoka kuri Busyete wari umutwa w’umugaragu i Bwami ,waje gutona kuri sebuja amugororera kumushyingira umukobwa wo mu bwoko bukomeye bw’Abatunzi b’Abatutsi,barebye uburyo umuryango w’Abakomokaho usa neza,barebye nukoabatwababaho mu buryo busuzuguritse,bahita babahindurira ubwoko bareka kwitwa Abatwa ,ntibanitwa Abatutsi,bahita babita ko ari ubwoko bw’ « ABASYETE ».Amoko y’Abatutsi b’Impaga akaba ari aya akurikira :
V. Abatutsi b'Impaga (De Base Condition):
- ABABANDA
- ABASHINGO
- ABONGERA
- ABASYETE
- ABUNGURA
- ABATSIBURA
- ABASHI
- ABASHIGATA
Mu Moko y’Abatutsi b’Impaga ,hakaba habonekamo n’amoko y’inzu atari ay’umuryanmgo mugari,ariyo :ABASYETE,ABASHI,ABASHIGATA,ABATSIBURA n’ABARENGE bakomomoka ku Basinga.Andi moko yo atagaragara haruguru,akomoka mu bihugu duturanye.
- ABENENGWE :Bari ubwoko bw’Ibikomangoma by’i Ngozi mu Burundi,bikaba byarigaruriye u Rwanda rw’amajyepfo rukiri ishyamba kimeza ,barema Igihugu cyabo cyitwaga u BUNGWE Igitero kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bungwe cyagabwe na MUTARA I NSORO II SEMUGESHI I (Muyenzi) wimye I Gasabo ahasaga mu w’1543 kugeza mu w’1576,wari Umwana w’ ikinege wa Ruganzu II Ndoli, nuko yica umwami waho RUBUGA RWA SAMUKENDE, bica na nyina BENGINZAGE ariwe “NYAGAKECURU “Banyaga n’Ingabe yabo “NYAMIBANDE”, basanze yararaye bayitera urwuma bakurizaho no kuyita “RWUMA”.Nuko ingoma y’Abenengwe izima ityo.Akaba ari muri ubwo buryo Ubwoko bw’Abenengwe bwinjiye mu Rwanda kugeza na n’ubu.
- ABANYAKARAMA:Bari ubwoko bukomoka muri Tanzaniya ahitwa I Kalagwe,abenshi mu Banyakarama ,bakaba baraje mu ibunduka rya Ruganzu II Ndoli igihe yari aje gutegeka u Rwanda avuye kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana ,Aho se Ndahiro Cyamatara yari yaramubundishirije mu ihizana rya bene se BAMARA na JURU Barwanira Ingoma ya se Mibambwe I Sekarongoro kugeza ubwo bitabaje Nsibura Nyabunga Umwami w’I Bunyabungo agatera u Rwanda akica Ndahiro Cyamatare ,akanyaga n’ Inagabe yarwo Rwoga .Ibyo akaba yarabikoreye kugirango Igikomangoma Ndoli batamwica Igihugu kikazabura Umwami.Abanyakarama binjira batyo mu rwa Gasabo baba abatoni ba Ndoli kubera ineza bamugiriye ,barubamo kugeza bna n’ubu.
- ABARENGE:Bari ubwoko bukomoka ku Basinga nk’uko Abasindi nabo bakomoka ku Banyiginya ,izina Abasinga rikaba rivuga “ABATSINZE “ubwo bwoko bw’Abarenge bukaba bukomoka kuri JENI RYA RURENGE Umwami w’igihangange Ukomoka mu Basinga wayoboraga Ingoma y’u Budaha n’u Bwishaza.Icyo twagerageza kubabwira nuko ABASINGA aribo benshi mu Rwanda kuva na kera kuko bafite imiryango minini kandi migari,akaba ari nabo bari bafite ibihugu byinshi mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere (Reba igice kivuga Ibihugu –Nkiko by’u Rwanda rugali rwa Gasabo).Ikindi twavuga ku bijyanye n’Abasinga,nuko nabo bashyize bakagira amaboko,kugeza ubwo bashyizwe mu bwoko bw’Ibibanda aribyo byavagamo Abagabekazi,nyuma baza kwirukanwa ku Ngoma bitewe n’ubugome bakoze ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu I Bwimba ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345 .Dore Imbonerahamwe y’Amoko y’Abanyarwanda kugeza mu w’1932 .
UBWOKO IKIRANGABWOKO
1 ABANYIGINYA: Umusambi
2 ABASINGA: Sakabaka
3 ABEGA: Igikeri
4 ABAGESERA: Inyamanza
5 ABAZIGABA: Ingwe
6 ABABANDA: Igikona
7 ABACYABA: Impyisi
8 ABENENGWE: Ingwe
9 ABONGERA: Isha
10 ABATSOBE
11 ABAKONO: Igikeri
12 ABAHA : Igikeri
13 ABUNGURA: Ifundi
14 ABASHINGO
15 ABASHAMBO: Intare
16 ABASINDI: Umusambi
17 ABANYAKARAMA
18 ABASITA : Imbwebwe
19 ABAHODOGO: Ishwima
Inkomoko y’Amoko y’ Inzu
Nkuko amateka abigaragaza,amoko y’inzu yabaga ari agatsiko k’abantu runaka babaga bakomoka ku Mutu uyu n’uyu bakamwitirirwa ibihe n’ibihe,kugeza ubwo ubwo izina ry’uwo bakomokaho ryamamaraga kubera ibikorwa byabo ,maze bakajya babita ngo « ABA NI ABO KWA KANAKA cya ngwa se BAKOMOKA KWA NAKA » iyo mvugo irambye niyo yagiye ivamo amoko twakwita ay’ inzu kuko atari ay’ umuryango mugari ,kandi bikaba bigaragara ko n’ubundi ashamikiye ku bwoko bw’umuryango mugari n’ubundi.Niyo mpamvu ,usanga ubwoko bw’umuryango mugari buba bufite amoko mensi y’inzu abushamikiyeho.Ikigaragara nuko Amoko y’inzu yagiye akomoka ku Bantu bakomeye babaye ibyamamare mu Rwanda,cyangwa se babaye Abami ,Abatware ,Ibikomangoma n’Abagaba b’Ingabo mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.Amoko menshi y’Inzu akaba aboneka mu Banyiginya kuko aribo bari bafite ingoma ya Cyami,hakiyongeraho Abega kuko aribo bamaze igihe kirekire bavamo Abagabekazi. Dore urugero rw’amwe mu moko y’inzu agera kuri 47 akomoka ku bwoko bw’Abanyiginya.
AMWE MU MOKO Y’INZU Y'ABANYIGINYA YARI IKOMEYE CYANE KURUSHA INDI NI IYI NGIYI:
1. ABAHINDIRO bakomoka kuri YUHI GAHINDIRO;
Urugero:
- Shefu Stanisilasi KALISA ka KAVUMVURI ka RWARINDA rwa RUBEGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
- Shefu Léonard BIRASA bya KANYEMERA ka KANANGA ka RWANYONGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
- Shefu Joseph BIDELI bya KANYEMERA ka KANANGA ka RWANYONGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
- Sushefu Pierre Claver KABERUKA ka SEMUGAZA wa MPAMARUGAMBA ya MUTIJIMA wa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
2. ABAKUSI bakomoka kuri NKUSI ya YUHI GAHINDIRO;
3. ABINDEKWE bakomoka kuri NYIRINDEKWE ya YUHI GAHINDIRO;
4. ABANYEMINA bakomoka kuri NYEMINA wa KIGELI NDABARASA;
5. ABAHEBERA bakomoka kuri SEMUGAZA wa KIGELI NDABARASA;
6. ABARABYO bakomoka kuri BURABYO bwa KIGELI NDABARASA;
7. ABANYABIGUMA bakomoka kuri RWANYABIGUMA rwa KIGELI NDABARASA;
8. ABARYINYONZA bakomoka kuri BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA;
Urugero:
- Shefu Athanase KANIMBA ka MUGEMANGANGO wa RWASABAHIZI rwa MUYENZI wa BIRABONYE bya BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA;
9. ABAZENGA bakomoka kuri KAZENGA ka KIGELI NDABARASA;
10. ABAMANUKA bakomoka kuri KIMANUKA cya KIGELI NDABARASA;
11. ABADENGE bakomoka kuri MUDENGE wa CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
12. ABIKORE bakomoka kuri KANYANKORE ka KANYONI ka BAZIGA ba CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
13. ABAHABANYI bakomoka kuri BIHABANYI bya GASHIKAZI ka CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
14. ABAMO bakomoka kuri RWAMO rwa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
15. ABANANA bakomoka kuri MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
Urugero:
- Shefu Paul NTURO ya NYILIMIGABO ya MARARA ya MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
- Shefu Godefroy KAMUZINZI wa RUSAGARA rwa NYILIMIGABO ya MARARA ya MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
16. ABASHARANGABO bakomoka kuri SHARANGABO ya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
17. ABASHAMAKOKERA bakomoka kuri SHAMAKOKERA ya NDABARAMIYE wa BUKOMBE bwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
18. ABASHARA bakomoka kuri RUSHARA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
19. ABAKUKU bakomoka kuri MUKUKU wa RWASAMANZI rwa MUKUNGU wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
20. ABASAMANZI bakomoka kuri RWASAMANZI rwa MUKUNGU wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
21. ABAPFIZI bakomoka kuri GAPFIZI ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
22. ABAREGANSHURO bakomoka kuri MUREGANSHURO wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
23. ABAHWEGE bakomoka kuri SEGAHWEGE ka NSIGAYE ya GAKOMBE ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
24. ABASIGAYE bakomoka kuri NSIGAYE ya GAKOMBE ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
25. ABAYA bakomoka kuri NYARWAYA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
26. ABAKA bakomoka kuri KAREMERA RWAKA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
Urugero:
- Shefu Alphonse MPFIZI ya KAREGEYA ka NKUNZIGOMA ya RUHWANYAMIHETO rwa BAVUGIKI ba TERERA wa RWAKA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
27. ABENENYAGASHEJA bakomoka kuri NYAGASHEJA ka MIBAMBWE GISANURA;
28. ABAGANZU bakomoka kuri NZUKI za MUTARA SEMUGESHI wa RUGANZU NDOLI;
29. ABACOCOLI bakomoka kuri MUCOCOLI wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
30. ABAGUNGA bakomoka kuri MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
Urugero:
- Shefu J. Berchmans RWABUKAMBA rwa SAKE ya SERUBINGO ya RUVUNA rwa MUTAGA wa RUTAMU rwa NYIRAMAKENDE ya MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
- Shefu Faustin GACINYA ka NYIRINKWAYA ya KANUMA ka BYABAGABO ba RUYENZI rwa MUTAGA wa RUTAMU rwa NYIRAMAKENDE ya MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
31. ABAHINDA, bakomoka kuri MUHINDA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
32. ABANAMA bakomoka kuri BINAMA bya YUHI GAHIMA;
33. ABANYABYINSHI bakomoka kuri BYINSHI bya BAMARA ba YUHI GAHIMA;
34. ABENEJURU bakomoka kuri JURU rya YUHI GAHIMA;
35. ABENEFORONGO bakomoka kuri MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
36. ABENEGATAMBIRA bakomoka kuri MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
37. ABENEGAHINDIRO bakomoka kuri GAHINDIRO ka MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
38. ABENEGITORE bakomoka kuri GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
Urugero:
- Shefu Pierre Claver BENEMPINGA ba NYIRINGABO ya RWAMAMARA rwa SENTAMA za BURENGERO bwa MUSONI wa KABEBA ka BYAMBI bya SHUMBUSHO ya RUHEREKEZA rwa ZUBA rya GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
39. ABENEBWIMBA bakomoka kuri BWIMBA bwa GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
40. ABATORA bakomoka kuri CYILIMA RUGWE;
41. ABAJIJI bakomoka kuri MUJIJI wa NDOBA ;
42. ABENEMUGUNGA bakomoka kuri MUGUNGA wa NDOBA;
41. ABATANDURA bakomoka kuri GITANDURA cya NDAHIRO RUYANGE;
43. ABATEGE bakomoka kuri NDAHIRO RUYANGE;
44. ABAKOBWA bakomoka kuri MUKOBWA wa MUJIJI wa NDOBA;
45. ABATURAGARA bakomoka kuri MUTURAGARA wa NDOBA;
46. ABATARE bakomoka kuri NTARE (-RUSATSI) ya NDOBA;
47. ABENEMUNYIGA bakomoka kuri MUNYIGA wa NDOBA;
48. ABENENYAMUHANZI bakomoka kuri NYAMUHANZI wa NDOBA;
AMWE MU MOKO Y’INZU Y'ABEGA YARI IKOMEYE CYANE KURUSHA INDI NI IYI NGIYI:
1. ABEGA b’ABAKAGARA ,bakomoka kuri CYIGENZA cya RWAKAGARA
2. ABEGA ba KUNO (bafite inkomoko ku Mateka)
3. ABEGA ba KURYA (bafite inkomoko ku Mateka)
N’abandi
Ibanga ryatumaga amoko y’inzu ahama kandi akaramba,nuko izina ry’igisekuru ritazimaga,agubwo bagendaga baryitwa mu butyo bw’ uruhererekana rw’ibihe runaka
Urugero :
- BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA,na KIGELI RWABUGILI nawe yaryise umwana we,n’abandi bararyiswe
- KIMANUKA cya KIGELI NDABARASA, no mu bisekuruza by’Abami b’u Rwanda KIMANUKA ya mwene MUNTU n’abandi bararyiswe
- GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA; na KIGELI RWABUGILI nawe yaryise umwana we,n’abandi bararyiswe
- MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE; na NDOBA yari amufite n’abandi bararyiswe
Mu gusoza iki gice,twababwira ko amoko y’ Inzu atagira umubare,ni menshi amwe nta nazwi,gusa icyo twasobanukirwa aha ng’aha ,nuko ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose (bwaba ubw’umuryango mugari ,bwaba ubw’inzu)burahangwa, bugahama, bukabaho, abantu bose bakabumenya ,bakabuziririza kandi bakabukurikiza ,bitewe nuko twabonye inkomoko yabwo.Nkuko bigaragazwa n’amoko y’inzu tubonye hejuru aha,ubwoko bw’inzu bwabaga ari ubwoko bw’abantu basize amateka,utaragiraga amateka,yaba meza cyangwa se mabi ,nta bwoko bw’inzu yagiraga kuko atabaga yaramenyekanye.
Uko Amoko 18 y’Abanyarwanda yasangiraga ubutegetsi
Nubwo Abanyarwanda batari basangiye ubwoko bw’imiryango migari cyangwa se ubw’inzu,ntibyababujije kubana neza no gusangira ubutegetsi.Kuko n’ubundi wasangaga bakomoka mu muryango umwe wa Gihanga cyahanze u Rwanda.Ibyo byatumaga ufite icyo arusha undi akimuha ,ugaragaje ubutwari mu butegetsi akabuhabwa ,uw’intwari ku rugamba agahabwa impeta y’umudende cyangwa se impotore,uwacanye uruti akagabirwa amashyo y’inka ,imisozi n’abagaragu,uwaheze mu bworo agahabwa inka y’umuriro agatangira korora ,nawe akagwiza ubutunzi,maze bose bagahuriza ku ntego imwe yo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu,kucyagura no kwita k’ uburumuke b’Abantu n’amatungo.
Uwitwa PADIRI LEON DELMAS yakoze ubushakashatsi ku moko y'abatware b'u Rwanda mu mwaka w'1948 (Abashefu 52 n'Abasushefu 625) yagaragaje imibare ikurikira ijyanye no gusangira ubutegetsi kw’Abanyarwanda:
1. ABANYIGINYA 276
2. ABEGA 113
3. ABATSOBE 60
4. ABASHAMBO 52
5. ABAGESERA B’ABAZIRANKENDE 41
6. ABAZIGABA 32
7. ABASINGA 32
8. ABACYABA 21
9. ABAKONO 13
10. ABAHA 13
11. ABAHONGODO 5
12. ABABANDA 5
13. ABASYETE 5
14. ABASHINGO 4
15.ABONGERA 1
16. ABATSIBURA 1
17. ABUNGURA 1
18. ABASHI 1
19. ABISHIGATWA 1
BOSE HAMWE = 677
Iyi mibare itugaragariza ko amoko yasangiraga ubutegetsi bitewe nuko umubare wabo ungana n’amaboko bafite mu gihugu.Ibi kandi ntibyadutangaza kuko no mu gihe bita icya Demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, Ishyaka rifite abayoboke benshi, niryo rigira amajwi, bityo rikegukana imyanya myinshi mu butegtsi.Aha bikaba bigaragara ko mu kugabana ubutegetsi bagiye bafata n’amoko bazanyweho iminyago (Abashi bagenganga Ingoma yo ku Ijwi) batibagiwe n’amoko y’inzu (Abasyete n’Abashigatwa). Ikindi twagaragaza hano, nuko Abanyiginya aribo nari benshi kuko n’ubusanzwe aribo bari basanganywe ingoma, Abega bakabakurikira kuko aribo basangiraga ubutegetsi bakavamo Abagabekazi, Abatsobe nabo bazagamo mu bafite imyanya myinshi kuko aribo bakundaga kuvamo Abiru , akaba aribo bari bafite n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga abatabazi “Bamenaga amaraso yabo “ kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire amahanga.Gakondo yabo niyo yabazwaga umuganura n’abahinzi bawo.
Ikindi Abanyarwanda bakunze gutsitsuraniraho, ni ikibazo kijyanye n’ubuhake. Ubuhake niko kari akazi ko ha mbere, kandi ntabwo bwari bwihariwe n’abantu bamwe nkuko babivuga, ahubwo uwabaga atunze wese yashakaga abakozi bo kumufasha mu mirimo ye iyi n’iyi ibyo akaba aribyo bitaga “UBUHAKE”. Umuhutu wihuturaga akava mu buhutu akajya mu bututsi akaba umutunzi nk’abandi ,nawe yarahakaga.Umutwa wamenyaga ubwenge akajyana n’abandi mu iterambere rijyanye n’igihe ,nawe yaratungaga akareka kuba insuzugurwa ,nawe agatanga ubuhake (urugero ni nka Busyete).Umututsi wacungaga nabi ibyo yagabiwe ,cyangwa se akanyagwa kubera makosa ye ,nawe yarakenaga akajya guhakwa nk’abandi bose.Iki kikaba ari ikigaragaza ko Abanyarwanda basaranganyaga ubutunzi bafite uko bwanganaga kose.Ukize akazamura umukene akoresheje inzira twakwita iyo kumuha akazi yitwa” ubuhake”, kandi ntawimwaga akazi k’ubuhake ,uwashakaga guhakirwa ubutunzi wese (Inka n’imyaka ) yabonaga aho ahakwa kandi agahakwa ku wo ashaka ,yaba umwami ,yaba umutware cyangwa se izindi Mfura ziri mu Gihugu.
Uko amoko y’Abanyarwanda 18 yazimye burundu
Ababiligi bagera mu Rwanda basanze ayo Moko uko ari 18 ariho ,abana kandi ategeka nta kibazo gihari kijyanye no kwishishana.Bitewe nuko bazanye Politiki yo gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice ngo babashe kubayobora (Diviser pour regne) basanze ayo moko ari uruhuri ku buryo kuyacunga no kuyategeka bitaborohera,bitewe nuko iwabo bari bamenyereye ubwoko bubiri bwariho aribwo Abawaro n’Abafurama.Bize ubucakura bw’uko bagabanya ayo moko bakarema andi makeya yaborohera kuyakoresha no kuyacunga.Bahise bafata ya mazina yarangaga imiterere y’imiryango mu byimibereho yabo ya buri munsi (Abahutu byavugaga abagaragu ,Abatwa byavugaga insuzugurwa n’Abatutsi byavugaga Abatunzi) noneho babihindura ubwoko busimbura bwa bundi 18.Abari batunze inka nyinshi kandi bakomeye ku butegetsi,banafite igihagararo nk’icya gitegetsi, bafite n’amazuru maremare(barayapimaga) bagahita bafata ubwoko bw’ubututsi (bona n’ubwo izo nka yaba yarazihakiwe akiri umuhutu cyangwa se ari muremure),noneho abafite Inka nkeya ,cyangwa se bakiri mu bugaragu bataragira ubutunzi,mbese bakiyubaka ,baringaniye mu gihagararo (batari bagufi cyangwa se barebare) ,babaha ubwoko bw’ubuhutu (bona n’ubwo yabaga akomoka mu miryango ikomeye),noneho babandi basigaye inyuma batazi iyo igihugu kiva n’iyo kigana ,ba ntibindeba,abarenzamase bose n’abandi b’insuzugurwa babaha ubwoko bw’Ubutwa nk’uko na mbere mu bijyanye n’imibereho bitwaga.Icyo navuga aha ngaha ,nuko mu gutoranya abajya mu bwoko ubu n’ubu ,bashingiraga kuri byinshi byabaga mu bwiru bwabo,iby’ingenzi twabashije kumenya n’ibi ngibi.
Bitewe nuko mu ihame ry ‘Abazungu bavuga ko :iyo ushaka ko igikorwa cyawe ,cyamamara ,kikamenyekana ubutazibagirana mu mitwe y’abantu ,ugishyira mu nyandiko.Nibwo mu w’1932 bashyizeho icyo bise « IBUKU » izina rifite inkomoko y’icyongereza ryitwa « BOOK » bivuga « IGITABO » bandikamo ayo moko 3 bari bamaze guhanga ku buryo buri muntu wese yakigendanaga , ikaba yari Irangamuntu y’icyo gihe.Nuko amoko y’Abanyarwanda 18 bakomora ku Bakurambere azima atyo ,ayahanzwe n’Abakoroni ajyanye n’ibyifuzo byabo byo kubafasha kuyobora u Rwanda aba ariyo yimakazwa.Hari bamwe mu Bayobozi bo ku bwa Rudahigwa bagerageje kubirwanya ,ariko Ababiligi babamerera nabi ngo baragandisha abaturage,Urugero twatanga ni nka Nturo Paul wayoboraga Akabagali, washatse kubyamagana,Rudahigwa akamuha impanuro agira ati « N’UDATANGA IYO BUKU ,NGO UKURIKIZE N’AMABWIRIZA YAYO,ABAZUNGU BAZAGUSHAHURA ,KURIKIZA AMABWIRIZA BAGUHAYE ,IBYO URIMO GUHARANIRA ABANA BACU NIBO BAZABIGERAHO » Ibyo Mutara Rudahigwa yahanuye byarashyize biraba ,kuko Abana b’u Rwanda twarashyize twibohora ingoyi y ‘amoko yadushyamiranyije imyaka myinshi.
Hifahishijwe
1. DELMAS, Léon, Généalogies de la noblesse (les Batutsi) du Rwanda, Vicariat Apostolique du Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1950, p.28.
2. KAGAME, Alexis, Les organisations socio-familiales de l'ancien Rwanda, A.R.S.C., Bruxelles, 1954, p.33, note 31: "La dénomination de BANYIGINYA, propre au Rwanda et aux BAHIMA du 'NKOLE signifie: richesse actuelle, jointe à une noblesse très ancienne, dans le clan dynastique. Les autres membres du clan, sans grande fortune, sont appelés ABASINDI, du nom de MUSINDI, fondateur éponyme du groupe".
3. KAGAME, Alexis, INGANJI KALINGA, Vicariat Apostolique du Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959 (2ème édition), vol. I, IGICE CYA III, n° 35.
4 .Marcel D'HERTEFELT, Les clans du Rwanda ancien. Eléments d'ethnosociologie et d'ethnohistoire, M.R.A.C., Tervuren, 1971, p.19.
5. Marcel D'HERTEFELT, Les clans du Rwanda ancien. Eléments d'ethnosociologie et d'ethnohistoire, M.R.A.C., Tervuren, 1971, p20.
