Imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa cyami
Hakaba Abatware b’intebe basohoreza Umwami bakaba n’Abagaba b’ingabo.Rubanda ikagengwa n’Ibisonga byasohorezaga Abatware b’Intebe.Nyamara ariko Ingoma igashyihikirwa n’Abiru n’Abanyamihango y’Ingoma.Ingoma z’Imivugo zarazirikaga kandi zikarambagirana n’Umwami.
Mu bushorishori bw’ubutegetsi habaga haganje Umwami na Nyina w’Umugabekazi.Mu ntekerezo za kera :”Umwami si umuhutu, si umututsi ,si umutwa,ni umwana w’Imana ,agatsinda yavukanye imbuto “.Umwami ni inkuba ihindira mu bicu igakangaranya isi.Amateka aciye ni amahame agomba gukurikizwa,niwe Rukiko rw’ikirenga.Umwami ,akica agakiza, agakiza akica, akagaba akanyaga;akanyaga akagaba.Umwami ,ni umutima w’igihugu, atanga ihumure akagena imirwano. Ni itabaza ry’u Rwanda ,akaba icyorezo
cy’amahanga.
Mu ngoro y’Umwami habaga Rucabagome, ikaba ingoma yagenewe gutanga abagome.Yagendanaga n’Indamutsa ikagenda iyikurikiye.Yo rero ikavugira mu gikari,ikavuga batanze umuntu,ikavuga ku buryo bw’umurishyo wa Zigezikaragwe,yajya kurangiza bagakubitaho umurishyo umwe.I Bwami hahoraga uwo mwuka nyamunsi.
Abanyarwanda iyo bajya guca umugani babanziriza kuri iyi nteruro y’ibanze ,ngo :
“Harabaye ntihakabe,
Harapfuye ntihagapfe,
Hapfuye imbwa n’imbeba,
Hasigara inka n’ingoma “
Ingoma Nyiginya ihereye kuri iyo nteruro ,yahimbazwaga n’ubuyoboke bw’ibindi bihugu bukururwa n’ubukungu bushingiye ku nka.Amazina aganisha ku nkayo ariho kandi arazwi,ariko hari n’Indahiro nyarwanda ivuga inka :
Inka yanjye !
Karyabwite mba muroga !
Makoko atanga inka !
Yampaye inka!
Amaranga-mutima nkayo afitanye isano n’inka, n’amazina agusha ku ngoma byerekana rwose umwanya w’inka n’ingoma mu mitegekere Nyiginya.Umwami niwe mutegeka mukuru ugaragara, agasohorezwa n’Abatware b’intebe, nabo bagaherezwa n’Ibisonga byafashwaga n’Abamotsi.
- Umwami uganje agenga Igihugu agateka ijabiro
Abatware b’intebe bagategeka Intara bakagaba n’ibitero Ibisonga bigakoresha uburetwa n’amakoro ku misozi Abahamagazi bakayobora imirenge ku birongozi, mu by’uburetwa.
- Ingoma Nyiginya yoroheye Abasinga n’Abasangwabutaka n’Abakoma bikomereza umwuga wabo w’ubupfumu.
- Abahinza nabo bagumana imihango yabo y’ubuvubyi n’ubuvumyi bw’abanzi n’ibyonnyi, n’iy’ikemura-manza mu miryango yabo
- Abatunzi bagabirwa imikenke n’ibikingi Rubanda rwa giseseka bakihingira indeka zabo nta nkomyi.
1. Ingoma-Ngabe
Imwe mu mihango yavugirizagamo ingoma ni nk’umuhango wo gukura Gicurasi,imihango y’imiterekero,imihango y’umuganura,imihango yo gufukura amariba, kugangahura ,kuvuma ibyonnyi n’iyindi.Icyo twabibutsa nuko Ingoma-Ngabe itari ingoma nk’izindi twavuze haruguru ,kuko yo ntiyavuzwaga,ahubwo izindi zayayivugirizwaga zikayitaramira nk’uko zataramirara Umwami Nyirigihugu.Ikindi kandi nuko yaramvurwaga mu biti bitandukanye n’iby’izindi ngoma z’Imivugo.Ingoma –Ngabe zabayeho mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere ni izi zikurikira :
1.1. Ingoma –Ngabe Rwoga
Gihanga akimara kwima ikirangabwami cye cyari “INYUNDO” Yakomeje kwitwa “Inyundo ya Gihanga mu mateka karande y’u Rwanda na Nyamiringa: Urusengo rwa Gihanga” Nyuma iyo ndangabutegetsi ya Gihanga yaje gusimburwa n’Ingoma –Ngabe “RWOGA “,ari nayo ngoma ya mbere ndangabwami y’Abanyiginya.Aha twabibutsa ko ,Ingoma –Nyiginya yari itetse mu Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo ari naho hari umurwa mukuru wayo.
Nyamara ariko na nyuma y’aho Rwoga ibereye Ingoma –Ngabe, Inyundo na Nyamiringa ntibyibagiranye burundu,ahubwo byakokomeje kugira uruhare mu iyimika-Bami no mu yindi mihango.Nk’iy’umuntu yacishwaga Urusengo,ntiyashoboraga guhirahira ngo agaruke i Rwanda,ariko iyo yacishwaga ingoma,igicibwa cyangwa se urubyaro rwacyo bashoboraga kuzagaruka i Rwanda.
Ubwo umwami w’i Bunyabungo ,Nsibura I Nyebunga ateye u Rwanda akarwigarurira ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro Cyamatare ahasaga mu w’1477 ,yanyaze ingabe Rwoga ,iyayo “CYIMUMUGIZI”Gitandura ( yari Ingabekazi) ayibundisha mu Rutaka rwa Muhanga hafi y’umudugudu wa Gitarama.Aho Ruganzu Ndoli yimiye mu w’1510,Rwoga yari yaranyazwe n’Umunyabungo Nsibura Nyebunga,Abiru bayisimbuza indi ngoma nshyashya “NANGAMADUMBU ” yari isanzwe ari indamutsa ya Ruganzu Ndoli.
1.2. Ingoma-Ngabe Karinga
Mu ngoro y’Umwami uwo ariwe wese habaga ingo zubakiwe abakurambere .iz’ingenzi ni izi :
Kwa Gihanga
Kwa Kibogo
No kwa Cyilima
- Kwa Gihanga: Niho habaga umuriro wa Gihanga .Hari intango yawo .bacanaga mu kibindi kinini cyane.Abawucanaga ni Abiru bari batuye i Buhimba,bawucanaga mu biti by’umunyinya.Ntiwazimaga na rimwe.Abanyamuriro bawucanaga bari Abagesera.Barawuvumbikaga wajya kuzima bakawucana bakuranwa.Ibyo biti byo kuwuhembera bajyaga kubica muri Mageragere .
Wajyaga kuzima abanyarushingo bakawuhembera mu giti cy’umurinzi.Ku ngoma ya Musinga ,iyo ntango yo kwa Gihanga yacanwaga n’umwiru witwaga Kimonyo ukomoka i Gaseke ho mu Rutobwe.Uwo muriro ndanga-busugire bw’ingoma Nyiginya waje kuzima mu w’1936,ubwo hari ku ngoma ya Mutara V Rudahigwa ,ubwo hari mu ihururu ry’umwaduko w’Abazungu. Icyo gihe wari umaze imyaka isaga 845 yose uwo muriro waka ubutazima .Uwo muriro ukaba warashushanyaga “Ubumwe butagajuka bwa bene Gihanga, cyangwa se Abanyarwanda muri rusange”
- Kwa Kibogo: Habaga Nyamiringa (urusengo) n’inundo ya Gihanga .Inyundo n’urusengo nibyo byari ikiranga –bwami cyo kungoma ya Gihanga, cyasimbuwe nyuma y’ingoma-ngabe Rwoga.
- Kwa Cyilima: Ni i Gaseke ho mu Rutobwe.Niho ba Mutara nab a Cyilima boserezwaga.Uwahosherejwe bigaragara ni Cyilima Rujugira.Hari n’umusezero wa Cyirima .Ibisigazwa bye babivanye i Gaseke mu w’1969, biri mu nzu Ndangamurage w’ u Rwanda i Butare (Huye ).Ingoma iteka zabaga kwa Cyilima,kikaba igicumbi cy’ingoma .Niho haberaga imihango yo “Gukura Gicurasi “ kikaba igicumbi cyo guterekera.Kalinga yabaga kwa Cyilima n’ibigamba byayo,aribyo :
Cyimumugizi ( wa neza )
Kiragutse
Mpatsibihugu
Karinga: Kalinga yaramvuwe mu cyanya cy’i Cyungo ho muri Komini Cyingo muri Byumba (mu karere ka Gicumbi ), nk’uko imbyino y’ako Karere iranga iyo nkomoko :
Icyungo Nyamurema
Cyaremwe n’Imana
Kiramvurwamo Kalinga
Na Nyamuganza
Na none bakongera mu marenga bagira bati:
Isekuru yo kwa Minyaruko ya Nyamikenke
Kugirango ibe Nziza
Bajya kuyibaza mu mivugangoma
Bayishyiraho uruhu rwa ya nka
Bari bakamiye Ruganzu
Kalinga niyo yasimbuye Rwoga iba indanga-bwami mu Rwanda kuva ku ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli kugeza mu w’1962 , ubwo ingoma ya cyami yasezererwaga mu Rwanda rugahinduka Repuburika.
Ruganzu Ndoli aho aviriye i Karagwe kwa Nyirasenga Nyabunyana,aho yari yarahungishirijwe muri ya midugararo ya se Ndahiro Cyamatara ,yimitse Kalinga ho Ingabe isimbura Rwoga.Naho Ingabekezi Cyimumugizi ,yari yarabundishijwe isimburwa na Nangamadumbu yari isanzwe ari indamutsa ya Ruganzu Ndori
Mu iyimika rya Kalinga ,umurwa wa Ruganzu wari Ruganda ho muri Komini Tare mu Bumbogo ,Perefegitura ya Kigali ( ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo).Imihango yo y’iramvura rya Kalinga yateguriwe kwa Minyaruko wa Nyamikenke mu Busigi.Kalinga iramvurwa na Nyamigezi wa Minyaruko,ayiramvura i Cyungo ho muri Cyungo,Minyaruko ayitura Ruganzu.
Ruganzu aho amariye gushinga ingoro ye i Mata ya Muhanga ho muri Komini Mushubati i Gitarama mu Marangara ( ubu ni mu Karere ka Muhanga ) na ya Cyimugizi yari yarabundishijwe na Gitandura iza gutarurwa n’abashumba ahantu h’ubuvumo.Ruganzu aherako ayisimbuza Nangamadumbu, ayimika ho Ingabekazi isanga Kalinga yongera kuba iyayo.Nangamadumbu ishingwa abatandura ngo bayiragira by’ingororano y’ishyaka rya Gitandura,wari waracikanye Cyimumugizi igihe byacikiraga i Rubi rw’i Nyundo.
Kugirango Kalinga itazaba inshike nka Rwoga bayiremeye inshungu ebyiri:Bariba na Karihejuru,ziremwaho insimbura-ngabe.Nyuma yahoo Kigeli Rwabugili aziremeraho:-Mpatsibihugu
- Kiragutse
- Icyumwe
- Butare
Izo zose zikaba zarahiriye ku ntambara yo ku Rucunshu.
Kalinga yari Ingabe ndanga-sumbwe y’u Rwanda ku bihugu rwanesheje.Ikirango cy’iryo sumbwe, ni ibikondo by’Abami b’Amahanga bishwe n’Abami b’ U Rwanda mu ntambara .Ibyo binyita babishyiraga mu mpuzu bikaza kumera nk’injishi z’Igisabo,bagakokera n’ubuhivu bakabyambika Ingabe bigatendera mu ruhanga rwayo.Bomekagaho n’Ibisabo bashyiragamo inda y’inka (amara ) baraguje yeze,hagataho Inyundo ya Gihanga. Kalinga n’Ibigamba: Cyimumugizi
Kiragutse
Mpatsibihugu
Zagiraga buri ngoma, ingabo zisobetse nk’insika,ingabo iri imbere y’ingoma.Kandi buri ngoma yabaga ifite icumu rishinze iruhande rwayo.
Habaga n’izindi ngoma z’ibyegera by’Ingabe:
- Gatsindamiko yari indamutsa ya Yuhi Musinga
- Rucabagome na Ntibushuba Kigeri Rwabugili yanyaze Kabego Umwami w’Ijwi
- Rugiramisango yaremwe na Kigeri Ndabarasa, iza guhira ku Rucunshu.
Ku ngoma ya Yuhi Musinga arema indi yasimburaga iyo yakongotse ubwo byacikiraga ku Rucunshu. Kalinga yari Ingabe ndanga-sumbwe no ku zindi ngoma
- Yarahekwaga igihe cy’imihango y’umuganura n’igihe cy’ubwihisho,
- Yashyikirizwaga umuganura
- Yarambikwga mu mihango, ikambara imyishywa n’imirembe
- Yavugirizwaga izindi ngoma iz’imivugo, ikanabikirwa
- Yabikirwaga umwami yatanze, umwiru w’Umutege akayicaho indasago eshatu
- Yarasigwaga mu iyimikwa ry’umwami, igasigwa mbere y’izindi igasigwa amaraso y’inka bereje, uruhu rw’iyo nka rukambikwa undi Mwami uzima igihe cyo kumwimika
- Yagiraga Umunyakalinga wayo wo kwa Cyenge cya Ndungutse mu Musenyi , n’umugaragu wayo wo mu Benenyamigezi bo mu Busigi.
1.3. Indamutsa (Iramutsa umwami)
Umwami wabaga wimye, yagombaga kugira Indamutsa ye, ikamubera impuza n’ingabe, ikamubera impuza na rubanda, mbega ikaba impuza-gihugu n’ingabe y’ikirenga. Indamutsa yabaga ari ingoma iringaniye,ikaba ingoma iramutsa umwami ku gasusuruko,igatanga ibihe by’imibonano n’imirimo.Indamutsa yavuzwaga n’Umwiru wo mu banyakaringa,umwiru wo kwa Gitandura wo mu Bashiramujinya.Bari abo kwa Cyenge cya Ndungutse,bari batuye mu musenyi.
Bazanaga ingoma bakayishyira imbere y’Igitabo cy’Intarengwa, bakayikubita umurishyo inshuro eshatu banoshereza.Igihumurizo Nyampundu kikayihumuriza inshuro eshatu bongeranya.
Umwami yabaga yicaye ku irembo imbere y’Igitabo cy’intarengwa,bakaba bashyize imbuto z’amasaka n’iz’uburo mu gicuba ,bakazihereza umwami bati:”Uri umutangambuto ,nawe uzazihereze abandi “
Indamutsa yamaraga kuramutsa Umwami na we akajya gukomera mu mashyi Ingabe ngo “Ganza ,Agiriza,Tsinda amahanga “.Akabanza Kalinga,akayiramutsa muri ayo magambo.Akajya kuri Cyimugizi,asubira muri ayo magambo.Akajya kuri Kiragutse ,asubira muri ayo magambo.
1.3.1. Ijishwa Kwa Cyilima
Indamutsa yabarizwaga mu Misumba ya Kabagali zikaramvurwa ku Mutware w’Abakaraza n’Abaragutsi, wari Sezibera wo mu Batege w’Igihe cya Musing.Ikiraro cy ‘Indamutsa cyari kwa “Cyilima “ni naho habaga ingoma zose
Iz’Ibigamba (Ibyegera by’Ingabe)
Iz’Imivugo
Iz’Ingabe
Inzu y’izo ngoma yitwaga Nyamiryango.Nyamiryango ni urukamishirizo.Yagiraga imiryango ibiri, ibitabo bibiri by’inkomane na za Kanagazi ebyiri.Ikabikwamo ingoma.
1.3.2. Iremwa ry’inka y’isugi
Indamutsa y’Umwami iyo yatangaga ,bayikuraga I Bwami bakajya kuyibyarira,aribyo kuyihamba.Ubwo bakajya gushaka indi mu giti cyimitswe mu cyanya.Bakajyana inka y’isugi y’ibara rimwe (umukara niwo batajyanaga ) yonsa inyana,idaciye amatwi,idafite imyotso,ikayihakamirwa.Bamara kubaza iyo ngoma,bakazana umwana w’isugi akahanywera amata,izindi ngoma zikahavugira.Ya ngoma bakayitera icyuhagiro,bakayita ko ari umwari yaritswe.N’igihumurizo cyayo bakagikubita icyuhagiro,bati :”Uyu ni umugaragu wawe “.Bakayihacyura bakayizimanira inka y’isugi y’ibara rimwe yonsa ikimasa.
Bajyaga kuyirema hakaza Umwiru wo kwa Nyabutege hakaza n’Umutsobe.Bakazana na ya nka y’ibara rimwe yonsa ikimasa cy’urutare ,bakayikama amata.Hakaza umwana wo kwa Nyabutege w’isugi ,mwene Nyabirungu,akaza akayuhira y’amata yakamwe,hanyuma bakayirema,bakayiremesha uruhu rw’inka y’isugi bagashaka abahetsi baziheka bakaziheka.Zikagenda zikajya k’Umwiru w’Umutsobe mukuru ,kwa Gashamura .
Umwami yamara kwima bakazitura wa Mwami,akambara imyambaro ya cyami,akicara ku Twicara –Bami imbere y’inkingi ya mbonabihita ariyo Kanagazi.Bakazimuha Indamutsa n’Igihumurizo cyayo Nyampundu,bati “Ngiyo ingoma yawe y’indamutsa ijye ikuramutsa “Bakayimuhereza bayikubitaho gatatu,bati “Ngiyo indamutsa yawe ijye ikuramutsa “ Iyo ni indamutsa yagiraga intagara yayo kwa Cyilima.Dore zimwe mu Ndamutsa zashoboye gushyirwa ahagaragara n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe
Amazina yazo Abami bazo
Ikinani Cyilima Rugwe
Kibanza I Kigeli Mukobanya Kibanza I Yuhi Gahindiro
Kigamba Mibambwe Mutabazi
Nangamadumbu Ruganzu Ndoli
Nsinzabasazi Ruganzu Ndoli
Mpagazamahanga hejuru Mutara Semugeshi
Cyeza-buranga Mibambwe Gisanura
Gatsindamikiko Yuhi Musinga
Icyitonderwa: Umwami Mutara IV Rudahigwa ntabwo yaramukijwe,ntiyagiraga Indamutsa kuko yimitswe kizungu.M gisingo cye nta shyira,nta nyoni itukura yo mu Buyenzi yabagamo.Mutara Rudahigwa ntiyaramukijwe ,ntiyicaye ku nteko.
1.3.3. Umuhango wo Kubambura no Kubikira I Bwami
Indamutsa yaramutsaga babanje kubambura ,bakabam,burana n’inkoko.Indmutsa yaramutsaga ku gasusuruko,ariko iz’imivugo zabaga zavuze.Kera kose Abami barabikirwaga bakabambuzwa ingoma “Umuhinza yari umubambuzwa-Shakwe “.Kera Abiru igihe cy’ibikira n’ibambura bavuzaga “Igihubi cyagabanye Gihanga “nyuma ku ngomja ya Rwabugili ,Abatimbo baje guhimba Umutimbo,kuva ubwo akaba ariwo ubambura ukanabikira.
Mu ibambura
Barabyukaga kare bakareba umuseke, bakosa.Umunyeshakwe akajyana ishakwe, akagenda akadondaho bigatinda.Hakaza Abanyansengo n’imandwa zitwaga Ibihayi zambaye amasunzu y’ibiharangu.Hagakurikiraho abaja bitwaga Abangakurotwa bahimbwe na Nyiramuroroge bagendanaga n’amariza bakabyina ngo “Ingoma yabo ni Shema ndende “.Ubwo rero ku gasusuruko,hagataho umuhango w’Indamutsa,igatanga ibihe by’imibonano n’iby’indi mirimo:Ibikira rikaza kugira umwanya waryo,nyuma y’igitaramo cya nimugoroba.
2. Imyimikire y’Abami
Nkuko amateka abigaragaza Abami bose b’u Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya.Iyo miterere y’inkomoko y’Abami ikavuga ko Umwami iyo yabaga yatanze yagombaga gusimburwa n’Umuhungu we,bityo bityo kugeza ku ndunduro.Ikindi kandi nuko mu mihango y’Abiru bimitsi ivuga ko Umwana wagombaga gusimbura Se ku Ngoma yagombaga kuba yaravukanye imbuto.Aha ntawambazaga uko byagendaga kugirango umwana w’Umwami avukane imbuto,ibyo byari amabanga y’ubwiru nkuko iyo nyito yabwo iri.Umwami iyo yimaga yagiraga izina ry’ubwami .hakiyongeraho n’izina rye bwite yiswe n’ababyeyi be.Umwami yahitagamo izina uko abyumva akiha amatwara y’imitegekere uko abishaka,agashyiraho Abatware b’Intara z’igihugu .ab’Ingabo ,ab’ubutaka n’abandi ,ntacyo agendeyeho.
Ahasaga mu w’1576 kugeza mu w’1609,ku ngoma y’Umwami w’i Gasabo KIGELI II NYAMUHESHERA niwe washyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho ntakuka w’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami.Ashyiraho itonde ry’amazina y’Ubwami uko azajya akurikirana ku Ngoma, n’amatwara y’abo Bami igihe izina iri n’iri rizaba rigezweho.Iryo Tonde ryabaga riteye ritya :
- MUTARA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI
- CYILIMA, KIGELI, MIBAMBWE, YUHI
Ni ukuvuga ko buri zina ry’Ubwami ryagarukaga buri Ngoma 3, usibye Mutara na Cyilima zagendaga zisimburana.
Ayo mazina yabaga afite icyo asobanura kijyanye n’Amatwara n’inshingano Umwami uzitwa iryo zina agomba kugenderaho. Ayo mazina ya sobanuraga gutya dukurikije amatwara yayo nuko akurikirana.
1.Turebye uko Nyamuheshera yagiye ayakurikiranya habanzaga MUTARA aribyo bivuga “UMWAMI W’AMATUNGO”.Iryo zina yarisimburanagaho na CYILIMA.Ariko bose intego n’amatwara yabo ari amwe. Umwami wabaga yimye iryo zina ariryo rigezweho ,yagombaga kwita ku bworozi ,cyane cyane Inka z’Inyambo.Dore ko arizo zari zigize ubukungu bw’Igihugu mu gihe cyo ha mbere.Uwo Mwami iyo yaterwaga yaritabaraga ,ariko we ntiyateraga.Aha twabibutsa ko ariho havuye ya mvugo yamamaye mu Rwanda igira iti “u Rwanda ruratera ntiruterwa “
2.Izina ry’Ubwami ryakurikiragaho ni irya KIGELI .Bikaba bivuga “UMWAMI W’INKOTANYI “Iyo iryo zina ryabaga rigezweho, amatwara y’uwo Mwami kuva yimye ingoma kugeza atanze, yari ayo kugaba ibitero byo kwagura igihugu no kwihimura ku Bami babaga barihaye gusuzugura u Rwanda.Aha nkuko bigaragara mu mateka, ba Kigeli akaba aribo Bami baguye u Rwanda cyane, dutanze urugero rwa Kigeli IV Rwabugiri wahigitse amahanga kakahava.
3.Izina rya Gatatu ryari irya YUHI .Bikaba bisobanura “UMWAMI W’UMURIRO “ .Impamvu yitwaga Umwami w’umuriro ,nuko ku Ngoma ye yagombaga kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu.Akaba Umwami w’Intagondwa ku buryo ntawabasha kuvogera igihugu cyangwa se Abaturage bacyo.Yuhi,yari Umwami wagombaga kubungabunga Umuco w’Igihugu ku buryo urushaho gusakara muri bene wo.Icyo gihe hakirindwa ko hagira indi mico y’amahanga yavogera umuco w’I Rwanda.Urugero rwa hafi twabaha ni urwa Yuhi IV Musinga wanze kubatizwa ngo yitwe izina rya kabiri nk’abandi bose.Agasubiza ko aho kwitwa izina ry’abazungu yakwitwa izina rya ba Sekuruza be ,dore ko nabo bari bafite amazina meza kandi yuje ubutwari.
Icyo gihe yanze kwitwa izina rya bamwe bita Abatagatifu ,avuga ko atakwitwa amazina y’abazimu b’abazungu kandi hari ab’I Rwanda bo bazwi ko hari icyo bamariye igihugu ,atanga urugero rwa se Rwabugili.Kwemera kwe Ubukirisitu biragorana cyane,kuko yavugaga ko “Imana azi ari Imana y’I Rwanda” naho iy’abazungu yo ntayo azi .Icyo twabibutsa ,nuko muri icyo gihe byatumye ku wa 5/1/1931 abazungu bamuca ku Ngoma ,bakamucira I Kamembe,nyuma yaho akaza guhungira iMoba ari naho yaguye!.Aha akaba ari naho hagaragara Umwami w’Icyamamare muri ba Yuhi witwaga YUHI IV GAHINDIRO wabayeho ahasaga mu w’1746,nawe wamamaye mu Bami b’u Rwanda.Icyamuteye kwamamara ,nuko yari Umwami w’umunyamahoro,bikaba bivugwa ko ku Ngoma ye nta Muntu n’umwe yigeze yica.Akaba yari Ingoma yuje Ituze ,umutekano n’ubugiraneza bwinshi,akaba ariyo Ngoma imwe rukubi yabayemo amahoro n’ubwisanzure bisesuye.Ibyo bikaba byatangirwa ubuhamya n’Ibikomangoma NTAMWETE na barumuna be bo mu Gisaka yahaye ubuhungiro ,ubwo Rugeyo yari yigize Igikomangoma Zigama cy’I Burundi agatera I Gisaka.
4.Izina rya Kane ari naryo rya nyuma ,ryari irya MIBAMBWE.Rikaba rivuga “UMWAMI W’UBURUMBUKE “.Izina ry’uwo Mwami iyo ryabaga rigezweho ,yagombaga kwita ku burumbuke bw’abantu ,imyaka n’amatungo.Igihugu kigahorana ubukungu butajegajega.Bityo abaturage bakarindwa indwara z’ibyorezo n’iz’ibiza zazengerezaga amatungo.Uwo Mwami nawe yagabaga ibitero,ariko bitari byinshi.Ibitero bye ,bikaba byari ibyo kunyaga inka zo mu yandi mahanga mu rwego rwo kongera iziri mu Rwanda.Yanagabaga ibitero byo kugaruza izabaga zanyazwe n’andi mahanga.Ibitero byo kwagura igihugu byo ,yabihariraga ba Kigeri.
Mu gushyiraho amazina y’Abami, nuko azajya akurikirana,hari amazina yagiye akurwaho bitewe n’ibikorwa byakozwe ku Ngoma zabo,cyangwa se kuba nta gikorwa kizwi uwo mwami yakoreye Igihugu.Urugero twatanga ni nk’urwa Ruganzu Ndoli wakoze ibikorwa byinshi by’indengakamere,bakagira n’ibindi bamwitirira,ariko kuba nta mwana we numwe yabiraze ndetse nta n’Umwami n’umwe mu bamukurikiye wigeze akora nkawe,byatumye izina rye rikurwa mu mazina y’Abami b’u Rwanda .Akaba ari naho bakurije bamwita “Igicucu Ruganzu “
Izina rya NDAHIRO naryo ryakuwe mu mihango y’Ubwiru bwimitsi ,bitewe nuko ku Ngoma ye ariho mu mateka yarwo rwagirijwe n’amahanga by’akabura rugero, ku Ngoma ya Ndahiro II Cyamatara ,ubwo u Rwanda rwibasirwaga n’igitero cya Nsibura Nyebunga Umwami w’ I Bunyabungo,wahereye ku mage u Rwanda rwari rurimo y’Ibikomangoma byo kwa Yuhi Gahima byarimo kurwanira Ingoma,Icyo gihe Nsibura Nyebunga yivugana Ndahiro Cyamatara ,anyaga n’Ingabe yarwo Rwoga.Iryo zina Ndahiro ryakuwe mu mazina y’ubwami kubera iryo shyano ry’urupfu rwapfakaje u Rwanda rukanyagwa n’Ingabe yerwo Rwoga,u Rwanda rukirenza imyaka isaga 10 muri ako kangaratete;rwaciriweho iteka ry’uko nta Mwami uzongera kwitwa iryo zina Ndahiro ry’ ubwami.aha akaba ariho havuye umuhango tubona mu Bwiru witwa “Gukura Gicurasi “
Ikindi Nyamuheshera yakoze, nuko yashyizeho gahunda nyayo igenga Ubwiru, ashyiraho gahunda y’Abiru b’Imihango, ashyiraho n’imitwe yAbiru n’inshingano zabo.Ni nawe waciye iteka ry’uko Umwiru Mwimitsi agomba kuzajya ava mu biru b’Abatege, naho Abiru bo kwa Rutsobe (ariwe nkomoko y’Abatsobe) nibo bari bafite inshingano yo gutanga abatabazi batabariraga igihugu, bakaba ari nabo bashingwa iby’umuganura.Nyamuheshera agena imikorere y’Abatware b’Ubutaka, Ab’Inyambo n’ab’Ingabo.
Umwami yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye .Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga .Muri make Ubuzima bw’abaturage b’igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye.Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’Umwami,inka zari iz’umwami ,ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’umwami ,abagore babaga ari ab’umwami,abana babaga ari ab’umwami n’ibindi.Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka ,rikubahirizwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kubana ,abuzukuru,abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa
3. Imitorerwe y’Abagabekazi
Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma Nyiginya y’I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w’1090 kugeza mu w’1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo Abagabekazi, bagiraga imiryango n’ubwoko bakomokamo.Umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA .Ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara Abagabekazi. Ibibanda biba bine: abo tuvuze batatu bakomoka ku Bimanuka - Abega, Abaha n'Abakono - ubwoko bwa kane bukaba ubwo mu Basangwabutaka aribo Basinga. Abagabekazi ba mbere bavukaga mu miryango y’Abasangwabutaka, b'Abazigaba n'abandi Basinga.
Ku Ngoma ya RUGANZU I BWIMBA ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345, niho habayeho amahinduka.Inzu yose y’abasangwabutaka (Abazigaba n’abasinga bose ) bacibwa ku ngoma ku bera ubugome bagize kuri iyo Ngoma,ntibongera kuvamo Abagabekazi.Icyo gihe Abaha nabo babigenderamo nabo birukanwa gutyo . Ingoma y’Ubugabekazi isigarana Abega n’Abakono bonyine .Kuva icyo gihe Abega barica barakiza, kubera ko ahanini aribo bari igishyitsi gisengasiye Ingoma Nyiginya.Kuko usibye Umwami wenyine wavaga mu Banyiginya, indi mirimo ikomeye yose yagengwaga n’Abega bitewe no kugiramo Umugabekazi,nawe akarwana ishyaka ryo kuzamura bene wabo bityo bagashyigikira ingoma y’umuhungu wabo.Icyo twakongeraho ,nuko Umwami yashoboraga gushaka no mu bundi bwoko ,ariko uwo ashatse yitwaga umugore w’Umwami gusa nta kindi yamaraga ku Ngoma.
Iyo Umwami yimaga Ingoma Nyina atakiriho ngo amubere Umugabekazi,Ubwiru bavugaga ko ,bamushakira umugore umwe muri bene wabo wa nyina akamubera Umugabekazi.Icyo gihe bagombaga guhera mu rugo rw’I Bwami bakareba niba mu bagore b’Umwami nta wundi ukomokamo ufitanye isano na nyina.Iyo bamubonagamo niwe bagiraga Umugabekazi,ariko icyo gihe akaba ataragombaga kuba ahetse undi mwana w’umuhungu ukomoka ku Mwami watanze.Iyo ntawe babonaga mu rugo rw’I bwami bajyaga gushaka mu bandi basangiye ubwoko n’umuryango na nyina ariko nabwo buramukiwe no gutanga Abagabekazi
Nyuma yaho gato ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli ahasaga mu w’1510, niho yahinduye gahunda y’ubwiru ho gatoya, ashaka Umugabekazi wo mu Basinga, kuko nyina NYABACUZI yari yarapuye.Impamvu yabiteye Bavuga ko ari we wihitiyemo nyina, kandi atari no mu bwoko buramukiwe, kuko yari Umusingakazi, kandi icyo gihe ingoma yari iy'Abakono. Yihitiramo Nyirarumaga, umukobwa w'Abasinga, kandi bari baraciwe ku ngoma na Ruganzu wa mbere Bwimba. Ruganzu Ndoli ibyo ntiyabikurikiza, ahitamo uwo Musingakazi Nyirarumaga, kubera akamaro yari yamugiriye, amuhisha abanzi, akanamucisha muri wa Mwobo w'Inyaga, akazatunguka i Rwanda .
Icyo gihe afata izina ry ‘Ubugabekazi rya Nyirarumaga Nyiraruganzu. Ibyo ari byo byose, uwo Mugabekazi yagize akamaro cyane, aba Umubyeyi w'U Rwanda, aba n'Umwigisa mukuru warwo. Tukaba twababwira ko Nyirarumaga ariwe watangije inganzo y’Ubusizi mu Rwanda rwacu, atangira ahanga Ibisigo bigufi bitaga “IBINYETO “Nyuma yaho haziraho Ibisigo by’Impakanizi, iby’Ibyanzu, n’iby’Ikobyo.
Nyirarumaga ni we wabaye wa nyuma ukomoka mu Basinga kuva kuri Ruganzu Ndoli, Abasinga ntibongeye gusubira ku ngoma. Basimbujwe Abega.
Hifashishijwe
Igitabo “Imizi y’u Rwanda’ (NSANZABERA Jean de Dieu ,2012 )
