Ingabe z' Abahinza

Izina Abahinza ryakomotse ku ngoma zo mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’ u Rwanda rugari rwa Gasabo.Abami b’ibyo bihugu bibandaga cyane ku buhinzi,ari nayo nkomoko y’izina ryabo,bakibanda cyane ku mihango gakondo y’umuco karande ikoma ku mbuto no ku buhinzi.Ariko ku mwaduko w’ingoma Nyiginya nibwo babise Abahinza byo kwerekana isumbwe ingoma Nyiginya irusha ingoma Mpinza ,ndetse bikanagaragaza itandukaniro ry’imirimo bitagaho cyane.Dore ko Ingoma Nyiginya yo yitaga ku bworozi ,cyane cyane inka.

Kera u Rwanda rutarashyika ku ntera y’uru Rwanda uko turuzi ubu,rwarimo impugu nyinshi zajyaga kungana na za Superefegitura zo hambere.Impugu z’Abahinza zo zirondaga amoko ,zikisanzura zikonda amashyamba, zikagengwa n’abakuru b’imiryango.

Muri ibyo bihe nyine byo hambere ,impunyu ziberaga mu mashyamba zigatungwa n’ibyufi n’umuhigo.Abakonde babaga baje gukonda amashyamba bahongeraga izo mpunyu amaturo bitaga[Urwugururo]. Ubwo Abakonde ishyamba bakariturira,bakaritutira,bakaritsura,bakaritamururamo indeka, bagashyira bagatura bagatunga ,bagatunganirwa,;awe ba;ara kugwiza amaboko mabari abakuru b’imiryango bakaba abami bakagira n’ingabo zabo.Abazigaba bakagira Umwami wabo,Abagesera bakagira umwami wabo bityo,bityo…….. Abo bose bari Abami b’impugu zabo,bakibanda na none k’umuco karande w’ubuhinzi no ku mihango gakondo ikoma ku mbuto y’imyaka y’ubuhinzi.Ariko k’umwaduko w’ingoma nyiginya,niho Abami b’Abanyiginya baje kubita Abahinza byo kwerekana isumwe ry’ingoma Nyiginya ku ngoma mpinza bari bamaze kwigarurira.

Abami -bakonde

Abakonde bari abantu b’abavantara bibasiraga gutema ishyamba ,bakariha imbibi bagatura mu giteme cyaryo bazitizaga imiko n’imivumu cyangwa urusasa ,maze iyo ndeka baziyizitije urubibi rw’ibiti n’ibivumu ikitwa [Ubukonde] cyangwa se imirima gakondo bahingaga ,bakayatira abagererwa. Abagererwa bo bakaba rubanda rw’abadeshyi bisungaga abakonde kugirango babone uko bahinga.Ubwo rero abakonde bakabagerera ,bakabatira ariko ku masezerano y’insokeshwa.(Insokeshwa)cyabaga ari icyatamurima cyatangwaga ku mwaka nako ku musaruro, isuka ,ihene cyangwa se imyaka.Ubwo rero ku gihe cy’umusaruro ,umugererwa yarasokaga ,agasokera Umukonde . Abakonde n’Abagererwa baturaga hamwe bakiremamo ibisagara ku butumburuke bw’imisozi,imibande igahingwa,ibyanya bikaragirwamo amatungo,urusasa rugacinyira ingo.Imiryango yamaraga kugwiza amaboko ikitoramo Umwami n’Ingoma-ngabe yabaga ari nk’isoko y’umutekano w’abaturage n’inganzo y’uburumbuke bw’igihugu.Umwami akaba umuhuza w’ingoma na rubanda.

Habaga ubwo Abami basubiranagamo bapfa imbibi.Mu mwaka w’1923 ingabo za Nyamakwa wategekaga Ubushiru zarwanye n’iza Rukaburacumu wategekaga Ubwanamwari agashaka no kugerekaho Ubushiru.Nibwo barasaniye I Nyamitanzi ho muri Giciye(ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyabihu ), ibikenya hagwa 12. Abakonde bari biganje mu turere duteganye n’ibirunga,bakagira n’ingabe z’impugu z’impugu zabo.Dore Ingabe z’ingenzi z’ibyo bihugu.

• Iravumera Yari ingabe yo mu Bugamba ho mu Kingogo
• Nyamwishyura yari Ingabe yo mu Cyanzarwe ho mu Bugoyi
• Ruvugamahame yari Ingabe yo mu Bukonya
• Nkunzubushiru yari Ingabe yo mu Bushiru
• Bazaruhabaze yari Ingabe yo ,u Ruhengweri rw’Umurera
• Kabuce yari Ingabe yo mu Rwankeri
• Rugoruhindingoma yari Igabe yo mu Bwanamwari

Umuhoro utaraduka ,Abakonde bakondeshaga [Inkonzo],aho umuhoro ubonekeye ,bagakondesha umuhoro,ariko babanje kubona uburenganzira bw’Impunyu zagengaga amashyamba. Ubwo burenganzira bwajyanaga nk’uko twabibonye n’[Urwugururo] rwabaga ari ituro umukonde yaturaga kugirango nyirishyamba arimwugururire,amwemerere kuritura no kuritutira. Mu Bami –Bakonde uwamamaye cyane ni Nyamakwa II Nditunze wariho ku ngoma ya Kigeri IV Rwabugiri ,nk’uko tubisanga mu nyandiko P.Powelisi aho atumenyesha Nyamakwa Umuhinza w’Umushiru n’Icyegera cye Kidahiro.Reka tugereranye nk’uko iyo nyandiko ibitangaza ,Abahinza b’I Bushiru n’Abami banyiginya b’igihe cyabo ndetse n’Abami b’I Gisaka b’icyo kibariro.

Bushiru	Rwanda	Gisaka	Umwaka
Gasiga –Ngwabije	Cyirima II Rujugira	-	1740
Nyamakwa I Mudende	Kigeli III Ndabarasa	-	1753
Nyamwanga Ngumije	Mibambwe III Sentabyo	Bazimya Shumbusho	1780
Sangano Burondwe	Yuhi IV Gahindiro	Kimemyi IV Getura	1785
Kibogora Shyirambere	Mutara II Rwogera	Rugeyo Zigama	1835
Nyamakwa II Nditunze	Kigeli IV Rwabugili	-	1860
Nyamakwa II Nditunze	Mibambwe III Rutalindwa	-	1896
Nyamakwa II Nditunze (yatanze mu 1928)	Yuhi IV Musinga	-	1896
Kidahiro	Yuhi IV Musinga	-	1928
Kidahiro(yatanze mu w' 1954)	Mutara III Rudahigwa	-	1931

Ingoma –Nyiginya n’u Bushiru

-Yuhi IV Gahindiro niwe waba yaragerageje kwoherewa mbere na mbere umutware w’I bwami kumuhagararira mu Bushiru.Ariko mu bo yohereje nta n’umwe wahatuye. -Ikirangirire Kigeri IV Rwabugiri yarambagiye inshuro ebyiri u Bushiru n’abantu be,u Bushiru bumwakirana amashyi n’impundu ,ariko nyuma bukomeza kwiyobokera Nyamakwa. -U Rwanda rumaze kuba urw’abazungu, mu mwaka w’1924 Ababiligi nibwo bategetse Nyangezi kujya kubatwarira u Bushiru ,bo na Musinga babwomekaho Ubwanamwari.

Abami b’Impinga

Mu mpugu za kera z’u Rwanda ubuhanuzi bw’abupfumu bwari bufite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho no mu migenzereze ya rubanda.Bamwe mu Bami ba kera abantu babakekagaho kuba abana b’Imana n’intumwa zayo.Iyo mvugo yogeye cyane cyane ku Bami b’Ababanda b’I Nduga n’Abakoma bo mu Marangara,bari abapfumu bamamaye

• Nkoma wa Nkondogoro ubyara Abakoma yari umupfumu w’icyatwa wo mu Marangara (Komini Mushubati,ubu ni mu Karere ka Muhanga )
• Mashira wa Nkuba ya Sabugabo yari Umwami akaba n’umupfumu w’ikirangirire w’I Nduga y’Ababanda.Impinga ye yari izwi hose .Mibambwe Mutabazi yaramwitabaje ku gitero cya kabiri cy’Abanyoro Mashira amuhanurira[Intsinzi z’Abanyoro].Nduga yari yiganjemo ubwoko bukomeye bw’Ababanda ,akaba ari nayo mpamvu bahitaga ‘’Nduga nkuru ya Kibanda’’ Ingabe yabo ikaba Nyabihinda.

Ababanda nibo umukurambere BGAYI witiriwe KABGAYI akomokamo (Kabgayi=Agasozi ka BGAYI) Bakaba barahitaga ‘’Inteko ya Bene –Impinga /Amayira y’Imana ni amabanga!’’

Abami b’imvura

Abavubyi babaga ari abantu babashaga kugwisha imvura iyo yabaga yahagamye,no kuyica iyo yabaga yaciye ibintu,rubanda bagahonga amasororo kugirango abavubyi bakunde bamanure imvura cyangwa se kugirango batume yohoka. Umuvubyi yavubaga imvura ahuhera mu museke ukavuga Nk’inkokera , ngo ubwo arahamagara imvura cyangwa ngo arayica. Abavubyi bo ha mbere bavugwaga cyane ni Ndagano wo mu Bukunzi ho mu Kinyaga watanze mu w’1923, n’ab’ I Tumba mu Busigi hateganye n’Umusezero wa Kayenzi hakurya ya Rurinda. Abavubyi b’I Busigi bagiraga amazina y’icyubahiro:

• Nyamikenke
• Minyaruko
• Nyamigezi.Ingabe yabo yari Nyamuganza

Abami b’amatungo

Abami b’imbuto n’amatungo,umurwa wabo wari Suti mu Bunyambiriri;igihugu bagengaga kikaba Itabire –Bunyambiriri.Ikirangabwoko cyabo cyari Inumvu 3 z’Inumbiri:

• Gitare
• Bihogo
• Busarure

Abami b’imbuto n’amatungo bagiraga imihango yo guhosha ibyorezo by’indwara n’inzara.Bagiraga amazina y’icyubahiro cy’ubwami:

• Gisurere
• Tegera
• Rukambura

Ingabe yabo yari Nkunzurwanda. Mu bami b’imbuto n’amatungo ,uzwi cyane mu mateka ni Batsinda Gisurere IV (watanze yarabatijwe Ildephonse ) mu w’1983.Yari atuye I Nyamirishyo h’I Suti ya Banege ,mu Bunyambiriri. Hari n’abahoryo bamwe na Batsinda :Muhumuza wari utuye I Muyange h’I Kinunu mu Kanage ,na Rwanyange wari utuye I Gihara h’I Mabanza mu Bwishaza.Muhumuza yategekaga Akanage ,naho Rwanyange agategeka Ubwishaza. Umwuga w’Abami b’imbuto n’amatungo wari uwo:

• Gutanga amasubyo yo kuvura amahumane
• Gutanga ibyuhagiro by’inka n’imyaka
• Gutanga imvura yarabuze,abahinzi bakazana amasororo,bagahabwa ibyuhagiro by’imbuto,imyaka ikagera i mushike.
• Kuvuma inzige n’ubundi busimbabutera mu myaka bukayangiza nka za Kagungu

Abo bami babitaga Abahinza kuko bitaga ku matungo no ku myaka ya rubanda,ariko iyo mvugo yogeye ku ngoma Nyiginya.

Hifashishijwe

• Ingoma i Rwanda, (Simpenzwe Gaspard, 1992)