View source for Ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda mbere y’umwaduko w'abazungu

Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda bwahozeho mbere y'Abazungu. Bamwe  bandika muri iki gihe bavuga ko ubwicanyi bw'itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba bwabaye mu Rwanda kuva mu 1959 kugera kuri rurangiza yo mu wa 1994, bwashinze imizi mu mibanire mibi y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi mbere y'umwaduko w'Abazungu. Ibyo byanditswe na bamwe mu Bazungu.

Ukuri kw'amateka ni uko mbere y'Abazungu, ni ukuvuga mbere y'umwaka wa 1900, ari bwo Abamisiyonari gatolika batangiye gutura mu gihugu cyacu, hari haganje ubumwe butajegajega hagati y'Abanyarwanda: nta ntambara n'imwe y'amoko bagiranye mbere y'uwo mwaka. Ibyerekeye ubumwe mbere y'umwaduko w'Abazungu turabisuzuma mu ngingo eshatu: turabanza kuvuga abari bagize ubwo bumwe, dukurikizeho ibyaburangaga (ibishyitsi byabwo), dusozereze ku byari bibubangamiye kuko ngo "nta byera ngo de !".

'''Ubumwe bwari bugizwe na bande?'''

Ubwo bumwe bwari ubw'Abanyarwanda bose: Abahutu, Abatutsi n'Abatwa. Bose bari bagize icyo abakurambere bitaga "Rubanda rw'umwami". Bose kandi bari bazi ko ari Abanyarwanda, ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyabo, ko nta wushobora kuvuga ko akirushaho abandi uburenganzira. N'ubwo bavugaga ko u Rwanda ari urw'umwami (Nyirurwanda, Nyirigihugu), bahamyaga ko "umwami agirwa n'ingabo".

Hari n'abandi Banyarwanda batari Abahutu ntibabe Abatutsi, ntibabe Abatwa: abo ni Abanyambo, Abahima, Abakiga b'i Ndorwa, Abashi n'abandi. Ibisobanuro by'ubwo bumwe biragaragarira ahanini mu ngingo ikurikira.
Ibyarangaga ubumwe (ibishyitsi by'ubumwe)

Ibi ni ibyarangaga ubumwe igihe cy'abami,: ubwoko (amoko, ingero: Abagesera, Abega, Abanyiginya, Abasinga), ururimi, umuco, idini, umwami, imitunganyirize imwe y'inzego (z'ubutegetsi, z'umubano, z'ubukungu, z'agaciro k'ibintu, z'imiturire).

'''Ubwoko (mu byu, "ubwoko" cyangwa "amoko")'''

Ayo ni ya moko bakunze kuvuga ko ari 18, n'ubwo umubare wayo ugibwaho impaka, kuko nka Alexis Kagame ahamya ko ari 15. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ko Abanyarwanda bose Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa, bari bahuriye kuri ayo moko uko ari 18. Ayo moko ni aya: Abasinga, Abasindi, Abazigaba, Abagesera, Abanyiginya, Abega, Ababanda, Abacyaba, Abungura, Abashambo, Abatsobe, Abakono, Abaha, Abashingo, Abanyakarama, Abasita, Abongera n'Abenengwe (rb. M. d'Hertefelt, Les clans du Rwanda ancien). 

Abantu benshi, barimo abanditsi, bibajije impamvu y'uko gusangira ubwoko bwe, yahitaga asubiza atagingimiranye ko ari Umusinga, Umuzigaba, Umusindi, Umwega, Umubanda, nb.; ntabwo yatekerezaga ko bamubaza niba ari Umutwa, Umututsi cyangwa Umuhutu.

Ikindi ni uko kimwe mu byahuzaga Abanyarwanda mu gufashanya, mu kugobokana ari ubwoko (nk'ubwoko bw'Abatsobe, Abungura, Abanyakarama, Abongera, nb.): umugenzi w'Umusinga (yaba Umuhutu, yaba Umututsi cyangwa Umutwa) yageraga mu bandi Basinga, akakirwa neza, mbese akisanga. Ubuse (bushingiye ku bwoko "clans") bwahuzaga Abanyarwanda. Ubuse ni isano abantu baba bafitanye rigaragarira mu mihango nk'iyo gutsirora cyangwa kuzirura, kweza. Ukora iyo mihango akitwa "umuse".

'''Ururimi: Ikinyarwanda'''

Hari Inkoranya (= Inkoranyamagambo: dictionnaire) yamaze gutunganywa na I.R.S.T. (Butare). Ni amagambo y'ikinyarwanda asobanuye mu kinyarwanda, hakabamo n'ingero nyinshi. Umuntu ufite kuzirikana wese, ntiyabura kwiyumvisha ko na n'ubu ikinyarwanda kidufatiye runini. Abanyarwanda bahuriye ku rurimi rumwe. Muri Afurika, ibihugu bifite bene ayo mahirwe ni bike.

'''Umuco (culture)'''

Ni ukuvuga imico, imihango, imigenzo, imiziririzo, ubugeni, ubukorikori, ubuvanganzo, imbyino, ubuvuzi bw'abantu n'ubw'amatungo. nb.
Idini: kwemera Imana imwe
Iby'idini bamwe bita "Iyobokamana" bishingiye ku kwemera Imana no kubaha abakurambere, guterekera abazimu, kubandwa, kuraguza. Guterekera byahuzaga abazimu n' abapfuye: kwari ukubibuka.
Ababaga barahuriye mu mandwa, umwe yarabyaye undi mu mandwa, bagiranaga umubano w’umubyeyi n’umwana, ndetse n’abana babo bikabageraho bakamera nk’abavandimwe.

Abahutu, Abatwa n'Abatutsi babandirwaga hamwe nta kurobanura, uwo bereje akabandisha abandi. Uko kutironda guterwa n'uko imandwa (ababandwa), iyo ziri mu muhango wo kubandwa, ziba zitakiri abantu basanzwe ngo zigombe kwifata nkabo.
Ubuvandimwe bwo mu mandwa ni ikintu gikomeye cyahuzaga Abanyarwanda.

'''Umwami'''

Umwami yari ipfundo ry'Abanyarwanda bose. Abasizi banamwitaga Sebantu (= se w'abantu bose bo mu Rwanda). Kandi iyo yamaraga kwimikwa, bavugaga ko "atakiri umututsi", ari umwami wa rubanda. Kandi mu mibereho ya buri munsi, Abahutu, Abatutsi n'Abatwa bishyikiraga ku mwami. Cyaraziraga guheza umuntu kubera uko areshya, kubera uko asa uwabishakaga yageraga ku mwami. Muri gahunda yo kwagura u Rwanda, nta mwanya w'amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu, Abatutsi n'Abatwa.
Bose umwami yabahurizaga kuri uwo mugambi.

Imitunganyirize y'inzego zariho: (ubutegetsi, umubano, ubucamanza).
- Imitunganyirize ya politiki yari isobekeranye n'iyo kuboneza iby'intambara ku buryo Abanyarwanda bose, Abatutsi, Abahutu, Abatwa bagiraga umutwe w'ingabo bahuriyeho: Abashakamba, Uruyange, Abarasa, nb.
- Nta wakwibagirwa ubuhake aho bwari bwiganje: abantu bahuriraga kuri shebuja umwe bagataramana, bakaganira, bagafashanya.
Ku Banyarwanda bose umukobwa yitwaga "gahuzamiryango", akitwa "nyampinga' yakiraga abantu nta gusuzugura, akaba yagira n'uruhare runini mu gukiranura imiryango ageza ubutumwa bwe muri gacaca, iyo yabaga amaze kurongorwa no

'''kubyara.'''

Abanyarwanda bose bari bafite urukundo rw'igihugu cyabo, bakumva ko bahuriye ku bunyarwanda. Umuhanga mu mateka w'umufaransa, Louis de Lacger, yatangajwe n'ukuntu Abanyarwanda bo mu bya 1930 barangwaga no kwiyumvisha ko basangiye igihugu kimwe ko bagikunda ku buryo bugaragara (patriotisme/patriotism); uwo mwanditsi ahamya ko bimwe mu byabaye intandaro y'urwo rukundo rw'igihugu, ari ururimi rumwe rukumbi.

'''Imiturire'''

Nta karere k'Abahutu, nta karere k'Abatutsi cyangwa Abatwa. Abo bose bari bavangitiranye mu miturire. Hari ukugobokana kwari gushingiye ku guturana (kandi ngo: "abaturanyi babyarana abana basa").
Muri make, mbere y'Abazungu, Abanyarwanda bose bari bafite ubumwe bushingiye ku mwami umwe, n'urukundo rw'igihugu, bakavuga ururimi rumwe, bakagira umuco umwe, ukwemera kumwe kandi bakihatira gutuza bagaturana, bakuzuzanya mu byo bakeneye mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi. N'umwami yabaga akeneye umupfumu umuterera utuyuzi n'Abiru bamugira inama kandi rero umupfumu bamuhitagamo bakurikije ubushobozi bwe nta kindi.

'''Ibyari bibangamiye ubumwe'''

Ntibishoboka kwirengagiza ko mu Rwanda rw'abami, Abatwa bahawe akato, bakanenwa by'umwihariko. Na none ntabwo bahejwe ibwami no mu batware, ndetse bamwe bashyingiwe abakobwa b'abakomeye, ariko uko kunenwa ntikwazimiye.
Icya kabiri cyabangamiye ubumwe ni inzangano n'imirwano y'abaharaniraga ingoma.
Urugero rwa hafi ni Rucunshu (Komini Nyamabuye - Gitarama) abantu baricanye bitewe n'uko bamwe bashakaga kwica umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa ngo bamusimbuze Musinga mwene 

Kigeri IV Rwabugiri na Kanjogera. Ibyo byabaye mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1896. Ubwo kandi Abazungu bari barashinze ibirindiro ku nkiko y'u Rwanda i Shangi (muri Cyangugu). Umuntu yavuga ko igihe Abazungu bari basatiriye u Rwanda bagamije ubukoloni, naho abamisiyonari bakazana idini yabo,
Abanyarwanda bo mu rwego rwo hejuru (ibwami n'ibutware) bari mu mwiryane nta politiki bahuriyeho: Ibyo byahaye Abazungu icyuho bitabagoye.

Ubumwe abanyarwanda bari basanganywe bwagiye bukendera buhoro buhoro.