Difference between revisions of "Ubucuruzi bw’abacakara mu Rwanda"
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| − | + | ''Tariki ya 23 Kanama buri mwaka isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kwibuka ubucuruzi bwakorerwaga abirabura, bamwe mu banyamateka ndetse n’abanditsi bemeza ko ubu bucuruzi bwageze no mu Rwanda n’ubwo butigeze bukorwa ku mugaragaro.'' | |
Amateka nyirizina avuga ko hari zimwe mu nyandiko zigaragaza ko ubu bucuruzi bwageze no mu Rwanda, ndetse hakaba n’abandi banyamateka bashyigikira iki gitekerezo ariko bakemeza ko umwami atari agishyigikiye. | Amateka nyirizina avuga ko hari zimwe mu nyandiko zigaragaza ko ubu bucuruzi bwageze no mu Rwanda, ndetse hakaba n’abandi banyamateka bashyigikira iki gitekerezo ariko bakemeza ko umwami atari agishyigikiye. | ||
Revision as of 02:46, 2 May 2012
Tariki ya 23 Kanama buri mwaka isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kwibuka ubucuruzi bwakorerwaga abirabura, bamwe mu banyamateka ndetse n’abanditsi bemeza ko ubu bucuruzi bwageze no mu Rwanda n’ubwo butigeze bukorwa ku mugaragaro.
Amateka nyirizina avuga ko hari zimwe mu nyandiko zigaragaza ko ubu bucuruzi bwageze no mu Rwanda, ndetse hakaba n’abandi banyamateka bashyigikira iki gitekerezo ariko bakemeza ko umwami atari agishyigikiye.
Nyuma y’Afurika, umugabane w’Amerika niwo ufite abirabura benshi kubera ko abenshi bagiye bajyanwa bunyago, abandi bakaguranwa ibikoresho biciriritse nk’imyambaro cyangwa umunyu kuko babaga basanzwe ari abacakara.
Nta soko rizwi ku mugaragaro mu Rwanda ryaba ryarakorerwagaho ubu bucuruzi bw’abacakara, ariko hemezwa ko ahantu nk’i Save ya Butare habaye isoko ry’ubu bucuruzi, cyane ko hari hegeranye na misiyoni ya Save. bivugwa ko i Save hashobora kuba harabaye ubucuruzi bw’abantu ariko bukaba rwihisha kuko i bwami ntabyo bigeze bacira iteka.
Nta byabayeho ngo bihabwe umugisha n’umwami ariko na none biragoye kubihakana
Ibi bishingira ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1983 (Le Commerce Des Esclaves Au Rwanda 1890-1918), hemejwe ko ubu bucakara bwabayeho. Mu gitabo cye yise La Traite de Noirs sous Le Régime Allemand (1896-1916), hemejwe ko hagati y’iyi myaka hagaragaye ubucuruzi bw’abacakara ariko bwari butandukanye cyane n’ubwakorwaga ku nkengero za Zanzibar. Bivuga ko ku iherezo ry’ingoma ya Rwabugiri ariho n’abandi birabura bemerewe kwinjira mu Rwanda kuza kuhakorera ubucuruzi nyuma y’abarabu batangiye gukora ubu bucuruzi mu Rwanda babaga baturutse i Zanzibar.
ku bw’igitabo cya Lugan, umwaduko w’abadage niwo wabaye nyirabayazana w’ubucuruzi bwimbitse ariho noneho abarabu n’abandi birabura batangiye gukora ubu bucuruzi bwaje kwinjira mu mateka y’isi nk’igikorwa kibi ikiremwamuntu cyakoreye ikindi.
Ese ubundi amateka y’icuruzwa ry’abirabura ni iki ?
Ubucuruzi bw’abirabura ni ijyanwa ry’abanyafurika ku mugabane w’Amerika, aho bajyanwaga gukora mu mirima abanyaburayi babaga barahinzeyo. Iyo mirima yabaga ari nk’iy’itabi ndetse n’isukari nyuma yo kuvurwa cyangwa bagashimutwa ku butaka bw’iwabo. Iki gikorwa cyo gucuruza abirabura cyakozwe mu bihe bibiri bitandukanye kandi n’abantu batandukanye :
1. Mbere y’ ikinyejana cya XVII, abarabu bo muri Aziya no mu gice gito cy’u Burayi, babonye ko akazi kabo gakeneye amaboko arenze ayo bari bafite bagannye muri Afurika kuhakura abagabo bakomeye bazashobora gukora mu mwanya w’amamashini ndetse n’inyamaswa zakoraga imirimo itandukanye. Batwaye kandi n’abagore bo kurongora, cyane ko babonaga bafite uruhu rwiza kandi rudasanzwe. Kugirango aba bagabo b’abirabura babaga bajyanwe batazigera bahirahira kurongora abo bagore babo, babanzaga kubakona.
Uku kurongora abiraburakazi kw’abanyaziya kwatumye muri Aziya y’amajyepfo usanga abantu benshi bafite uruhu rwirabura. Iki gikorwa cyiswe ubucuruzi bwo mu burasirazuba, kikaba cyarajyanye abirabura bagera kuri miliyoni 17.
2. Ikindi gihe kitazibagirana ku birabura basoma amateka cyane abo ku mugabane w’Amerika ni igihe abirabura bacuruzwaga guhera mu mwaka w’1441 mu gikorwa cyatangijwe n’abanya Portugal, abaholandi, abafaransa n’ abongereza, aho baje muri iki gikorwa nyuma bise icyo mu burengerazuba. Iri curuzwa ry’abirabura bo muri Afurika ryaje nyuma y’iryari rimaze gukorwa n’abarabu, ryo ryakozwe noneho n’abazungu b’abanyaburayi bari bamaze igihe kitari gito bavumbuye umugabane w’Amerika, bakaba barifuzaga abakozi basimbura ba kavukire ku mugabane w’Amerika aribo bitwa Abamerendiye (les Amérindiens-Les Indiens d’Amerique).
Habayeho gushaka ubundi bwoko bwasimbura ubwo kuko babonaga abo bamerendiye badatanga umusaruro wifuzwaga n’abazungu b’abanyaburayi kuko bapfaga umusubizo bazira ibihe bibi bakoreragamo nk’ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu nganda no mu birombe. Ku bw’izo mpamvu bashatse ubwoko bwaba bukomeye cyangwa bwabasha kwihanganira iyo mibereho mibi. Babifashijwemo n’umupadiri wa kiliziya gatolika mu kinyejana cya XVII, bamenye ko muri Afurika hari abantu bashobora kwihanganira ubuzima bubi.
Muri icyo kinyejana nibwo abazungu baturutse mu Burayi bazaga muri Afurika bitwaje udukoresho duto duto kandi tw’agaciro gake (les pacotilles) ; byabaga bigizwe ahanini n’indererwamo (miroirs), imyenda yo kwambara, inzoga ziciriritse, imbunda n’ibindi. Ibyo byose byabaga ari ibyo guha abashefu b’abanyafurika kugirango babahe abantu bajyana gukoresha ku mugabane w’Amerika, kuko wasangaga ari ubwa mbere aba bashefu babonye ibi bikoresho bya kizungu byatumaga biva inyuma bagatanga abirabura benshi ku buryo hari ubwo umushefu yahabwaga nk’icupa ry’inzoga mvaburayi nawe agatanga abirabura barenga ijana !
Aba bashefu b’abanyafurika babanje guhera ku bantu babaga barafashwe bunyago mu bihugu byabo. Kubera umubare munini abazungu batwaraga, byatumye biba ngombwa ko hagurishwa n’abandi batari imfungwa cyangwa abafashwe bunyago. Mu gufata aba birabura habaga gukoresha ingufu zidasanzwe kuko byasabaga kubahiga nk’inyamaswa kuko hari n’ubwo baraswaga.
Mu kujyana aba birabura muri Amerika hifashishwaga ubwato bapakirwagamo ari benshi kandi ku buryo bugerekeranye. Ubu bwato bwamaraga hafi amezi arenga ane mu nzira. Kubera uburyo batwarwagamo byatumaga abarenga icya kabiri cy’abajyanwe bagwa mu nzira.
Abenshi bapfaga bazize inzara abandi bakiroha mu mazi bakeka ko amazi yabasubiza ku mugabane w’abakurambere babo. Muri abo bapfaga kandi hari abicwaga n’abazungu kuko uwarwaraga yarohwagwa mu nyanja ngo atabagora cyangwa ngo yanduze abandi.
Ku mugabane w’Amerika mu birwa bya Caraïbes, muri Amerika y’amajyepfo n’iy’amajyaruguru hari harashinzwe amasoko akomeye kabuhariwe mu kugurisha abo birabura babaga bakuwe muri Afurika. Muri ayo masoko abantu batandukanye bazaga kugura abantu bakoresha mu mirima y’ibisheke, ikawa, icyayi, cacao n’ibindi, ndetse n’abo gukora mu nganda. Uwaguraga aba birabura baba abagore cyangwa abagabo yahitaga abaha amazina ashaka akurikije agaciro babaga baguzwe. Hari nk’abitwaga ba 50 cent, 80 cent kuko babaga baguzwe ama cent (impiya) angana atyo. Bahabwaga na none amazina kandi ashingiye ku nyamaswa runaka nk’imbwa n’ibindi ; urugero ruzwi ni nka Dogg Dogg n’ayandi. Si ukwitwa amazina asuzuguritse gusa kuko babaga bari ku munyururu nk’imbwa, ari nako bakubitwa.
Ntihagurishwaga abaturuka muri Afurika gusa kuko n’ababaga bavukiye muri Amerika baba abirabura buzuye cyangwa ibibyarirane (les métis) babaga bavutse ku buryo bwo gufata ku ngufu abakobwa b’abirabura ; iyo bagezaga imyaka runaka y’ubukure bajyanwaga ku isoko na ba sebuja bakagurishwa ku buryo hari n’ubwo batongeraga guhura n’imiryango yabo ukundi kuko hari ubwo bagurwaga n’umukire wo muri leta ya kure.
