Difference between revisions of "Habyarimana Juvénal"
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| − | [[File:Habyarimana.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Habyarimana Juvénal]] | + | [[File:Habyarimana.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Habyarimana Juvénal]] Juvénal Habyarimana yavutse tariki ya 8 Werurwe 1937 mu Gasiza mu Bushiru (Gisenyi) yitaba Imana ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, yabaye perezida wa repubulika y’ u Rwanda kuva mu 1973 kugeza mu 1994, akaba yari n’ umukuru w’ ishyaka rya MRND. |
| − | + | Ni mwene Jean-Baptiste Ntibazilikana na Suzanne Nyirazuba. Igisekuru cye ni iki: Habyarimana mwene Ntibazilikana, wa Rugwiro, rwa Ruhara, rwa Ndabateze, wa Mahinda, ya Mpaka, wa Buronko, bwa Nyamwendaruba, wa Nkwama, wa Samari, wa Cyungura, cya Mateke. Ni Umwungura. Yavukanaga n’abana 8, abahungu 4 n’abakobwa 4. | |
| + | Amashuri yize | ||
| − | Ku itariki | + | Afite imyaka 8 y’amavuko, yatangiye amashuri abanza i Rambura. Ajya kurangiza umwaka wa 6 w’amashuri abanza kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Nyundo. |
| + | Yatangiriye amashuri yisumbuye mu Iseminari nto ya Kabgayi I Gitarama, ariko kubera ko yashakaga kuba umuganga yavuye i Kabgayi ajya kwiga I Bukavu muri Congo, muri Collège Interracial de Bukavu. Arangije yagiye kwiga mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi rya Kaminuza ya Louvanium i Kinshasa. | ||
| + | Ku itariki ya 17 Kamena 1960, Ingabo z’igihugu cya Congo zarivumbagatanije, icyo gihe Juvénal Habyalimana yari amaze imyaka 2 mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza. Nk’abandi banyeshuri b’abanyamahanga byabaye ngombwa ko ahagarika amasomo agataha mu Rwanda. | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | == Umusirikare w’Umwuga == | |
| − | |||
| − | Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994 | + | Yageze mu Rwanda igihe Dominique Mbonyumutwa, waje kuba Président wa Repubulika w’agateganyo, icyo gihe wari Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ingabo, yashakaga abasore bo kujya mu ishuri ry’aba Officiers ry’i Kigali. |
| + | |||
| + | Juvénal Habyarimana yinjiye muri iryo shuri tariki ya 10 Ugushyingo 1960 ari kumwe n’abandi basore b’abanyarwanda 6, aribo: Pierre Nyatanyi (ise wa Nyakwigendera Ministre Nyatanyi Christine), Aloys Nsekalije, Sabin Benda, Epimaque Ruhashya, Alexis Kanyarengwe, na Bonaventure Ubalijoro. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Niwe wasohotse muri iryo shuri ari uwa mbere afite inimero ya gisirikare imuranga (matricule 001), amaze kubona impamyabumenyi yo kumanukira mu mutaka (brevet parachutiste), Juvénal Habyarimana yabonye ipeti rya Sous-Lieutenant ku itariki ya 23 Ukuboza 1961 ubwo aba abaye umusirikare wa mbere w’umunyarwanda wo mu rwego rwa officier. | ||
| + | Yabaye Lieutenant tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, aba ariwe unahabwa ibyubahiro cyo gufata ibendera rya mbere rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ku munsi mukuru w’ubwigenge tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Perezida wa Repubulika n’umunyapolitiki == | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Mu ijoro ry’itariki ya 4 rishyira iya 5 Nyakanga 1973, afatanije n’abasirikare bagenzi be 10: Aloys Nsekalije, Epimaque Ruhashya, Sabin Benda, Alexis Kanyarengwe, Jean Népo Munyandekwe, Laurent Serubuga, Bonaventure Buregeya, Aloys Simba, Bonaventure Ntibitura, na Fabien Gahimano, bahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda. Bashyiraho ikiswe Komite y’ubumwe n’amahoro yari iyobowe na Juvénal Habyalimana. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Habyarimana yafashe ubutegetsi akuraho ishyaka rya Parmehutu, ashinga irye rya MRND rikaba ari ryo ryonyine ryari ryemewe mu gihugu. Guverinoma ye yari iri mu maboko ya gisirikare kugeza mu 1978 ubwo hatorwaga itegeko nshinga rishya ndetse anatorerwa indi manda y’ imyaka itanu gusa muri ayo matora yiyamamazaga ari umukandida umwe gusa. | ||
| + | Iryo hirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryaje mu gihe hari ibintu bimeze nk’imidugararo: Président Kayibanda yari amaze kunanirwa kandi hari ubwicanyi bwibasiye abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu mu Burundi mu 1972, byateye urwikekwe no gusubiranamo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi mu Rwanda. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Bivugwa ko mu gushaka kugarura ingufu zari zimaze kuba nke, Leta ya Kayibanda yashatse gukoresha iturufu yo kwirukana abatutsi mu mashuri no mu nzego za Leta yitwaje imvururu zari zimaze kuba i Burundi aho ubutegetsi bwaho bwari bwiganjemo abatutsi bwari bumaze gukorera ubwicanyi abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. | ||
| + | Mu 1975 yashinze ishyaka MRND (Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Iharanira amajyambere y’u Rwanda). Umunyamabanga Mukuru wayo akaba Bonaventure Habimana. Intego yayo yari Ubumwe, Amahoro n’Amajyambere. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Havugwaga ko u Rwanda rugendera ku cyo bari barise Démocratie Responsable, hatangiye ibikorwa by’umuganda ndetse na animations zasingizaga MRND na Perezida Fondateur wayo, ndetse abaturage bose bitwaga ba Militante na ba Militant. Buri mwaka wahabwaga izina bijyanye n’intego igamijwe kugerwaho. Urugero: Gutura Neza, Kurwanya isuri, Kongera umusaruro… | ||
| + | |||
| + | Yagerageje guteza imbere ibikorwa by’amajyambere mu gihugu, ubutwererane n’ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda ndetse n’amahanga ya kure. bivugwa ko ku butegetsi bwe hari ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko n’uturere mu kazi no mu mashuri byibasiraga abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi ndetse n’abahutu baturuka mu majyepfo. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Yagiranye umubano mwiza n’abanyamadini cyane cyane aba Kiliziya Gatorika, nka Musenyeri Bigirumwami yafataga nk’umubyeyi we, na Musenyeri Vincent Nsengiyumva. | ||
| + | Ku bijyanye n’umutekano, habayeho impfu z’abanyapolitiki ba Repubulika ya Mbere (Havuzwe ko Perezida Habyalimana atahannye abazigizemo uruhare ariko ngo yaba yarahaye impozamarira imiryango ya bamwe muri abo banyapolitiki, umuhungu wa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda witwa Piyo Kayibanda yabaye n’umudepite), Ihunga rya Colonel Alexis Kanyarengwe, ifungwa rya ba Major Lizinde, Commandant Biseruka, Capitaine Muvunanyambo bivugwa ko ngo bashakaga guhirika ubutegetsi. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Mu bubanyi n’amahanga yagiranye ubucuti n’abakuru b’ibihugu nka Mobutu wa Zaïre, François Mitterrand w’u Bufaransa n’abandi benshi. Yashoboye kandi kwihanganira ubushotoranyi bwa Colonel Jean Baptiste Bagaza w’u Burundi (u Rwanda rwari rufitanye ikibazo cy’umupaka n’u Burundi ahagana mu Bugesera). | ||
| + | Yagiranye ubucuti n’abantu benshi bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi, abenshi bakoresheje ubwo bucuti mu kuba abaherwe ni nka Valence Kajeguhakwa, Silas Majyambere, Evariste Sisi, André Katabarwa, ba Rubangura bombi… | ||
| + | |||
| + | Ku butegetsi bwe nibwo hubatswe imihanda ihuza imijyi minini yo mu gihugu, za Ministères, Inzu y’inteko ishingamategeko, Stade Amahoro, Ikibuga cy’indege i Kanombe, na za Telefone zakwijwe mu gihugu hose n’ibindi… | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Intambara ya RPF-Inkotanyi == | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Mu 1990 umuryango wa FPR-Inkotanyi, watangije uruganba rwo kubohora igihugu ndetse no gutahura abanyarwanda bari barahunze kuva mu 1959.FPR-Inkotanyi yateye iturutse muri Uganda. Mu 1993 nibwo hatangijwe imishyikirano yo guhagarika intambara. Mu masezerano ya Arusha. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Urupfu rwe == | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ahagana saa mbiri n’igice (20:30’) indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yari ivanye Perezida Habyalimana muri Tanzaniya ari kumwe na Mugenzi we w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira n’abari babaherekeje, yarahanuwe igihe yiteguraga kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe, hakoreshejwe ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa missiles SA-16 byakorewe mu Burusiya. Ibisigazwa by’indege ndetse n’imirambo byaguye mu busitani bw’aho Perezida Habyalimana yari atuye i Kanombe. | ||
| + | |||
==Hifashishijwe== | ==Hifashishijwe== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:55, 7 June 2012
Ni mwene Jean-Baptiste Ntibazilikana na Suzanne Nyirazuba. Igisekuru cye ni iki: Habyarimana mwene Ntibazilikana, wa Rugwiro, rwa Ruhara, rwa Ndabateze, wa Mahinda, ya Mpaka, wa Buronko, bwa Nyamwendaruba, wa Nkwama, wa Samari, wa Cyungura, cya Mateke. Ni Umwungura. Yavukanaga n’abana 8, abahungu 4 n’abakobwa 4. Amashuri yize
Afite imyaka 8 y’amavuko, yatangiye amashuri abanza i Rambura. Ajya kurangiza umwaka wa 6 w’amashuri abanza kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Nyundo. Yatangiriye amashuri yisumbuye mu Iseminari nto ya Kabgayi I Gitarama, ariko kubera ko yashakaga kuba umuganga yavuye i Kabgayi ajya kwiga I Bukavu muri Congo, muri Collège Interracial de Bukavu. Arangije yagiye kwiga mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi rya Kaminuza ya Louvanium i Kinshasa. Ku itariki ya 17 Kamena 1960, Ingabo z’igihugu cya Congo zarivumbagatanije, icyo gihe Juvénal Habyalimana yari amaze imyaka 2 mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza. Nk’abandi banyeshuri b’abanyamahanga byabaye ngombwa ko ahagarika amasomo agataha mu Rwanda.
Contents
Umusirikare w’Umwuga
Yageze mu Rwanda igihe Dominique Mbonyumutwa, waje kuba Président wa Repubulika w’agateganyo, icyo gihe wari Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ingabo, yashakaga abasore bo kujya mu ishuri ry’aba Officiers ry’i Kigali.
Juvénal Habyarimana yinjiye muri iryo shuri tariki ya 10 Ugushyingo 1960 ari kumwe n’abandi basore b’abanyarwanda 6, aribo: Pierre Nyatanyi (ise wa Nyakwigendera Ministre Nyatanyi Christine), Aloys Nsekalije, Sabin Benda, Epimaque Ruhashya, Alexis Kanyarengwe, na Bonaventure Ubalijoro.
Niwe wasohotse muri iryo shuri ari uwa mbere afite inimero ya gisirikare imuranga (matricule 001), amaze kubona impamyabumenyi yo kumanukira mu mutaka (brevet parachutiste), Juvénal Habyarimana yabonye ipeti rya Sous-Lieutenant ku itariki ya 23 Ukuboza 1961 ubwo aba abaye umusirikare wa mbere w’umunyarwanda wo mu rwego rwa officier. Yabaye Lieutenant tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, aba ariwe unahabwa ibyubahiro cyo gufata ibendera rya mbere rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ku munsi mukuru w’ubwigenge tariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962.
Perezida wa Repubulika n’umunyapolitiki
Mu ijoro ry’itariki ya 4 rishyira iya 5 Nyakanga 1973, afatanije n’abasirikare bagenzi be 10: Aloys Nsekalije, Epimaque Ruhashya, Sabin Benda, Alexis Kanyarengwe, Jean Népo Munyandekwe, Laurent Serubuga, Bonaventure Buregeya, Aloys Simba, Bonaventure Ntibitura, na Fabien Gahimano, bahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda. Bashyiraho ikiswe Komite y’ubumwe n’amahoro yari iyobowe na Juvénal Habyalimana.
Habyarimana yafashe ubutegetsi akuraho ishyaka rya Parmehutu, ashinga irye rya MRND rikaba ari ryo ryonyine ryari ryemewe mu gihugu. Guverinoma ye yari iri mu maboko ya gisirikare kugeza mu 1978 ubwo hatorwaga itegeko nshinga rishya ndetse anatorerwa indi manda y’ imyaka itanu gusa muri ayo matora yiyamamazaga ari umukandida umwe gusa. Iryo hirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryaje mu gihe hari ibintu bimeze nk’imidugararo: Président Kayibanda yari amaze kunanirwa kandi hari ubwicanyi bwibasiye abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu mu Burundi mu 1972, byateye urwikekwe no gusubiranamo hagati y’abahutu n’abatutsi mu Rwanda.
Bivugwa ko mu gushaka kugarura ingufu zari zimaze kuba nke, Leta ya Kayibanda yashatse gukoresha iturufu yo kwirukana abatutsi mu mashuri no mu nzego za Leta yitwaje imvururu zari zimaze kuba i Burundi aho ubutegetsi bwaho bwari bwiganjemo abatutsi bwari bumaze gukorera ubwicanyi abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. Mu 1975 yashinze ishyaka MRND (Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Iharanira amajyambere y’u Rwanda). Umunyamabanga Mukuru wayo akaba Bonaventure Habimana. Intego yayo yari Ubumwe, Amahoro n’Amajyambere.
Havugwaga ko u Rwanda rugendera ku cyo bari barise Démocratie Responsable, hatangiye ibikorwa by’umuganda ndetse na animations zasingizaga MRND na Perezida Fondateur wayo, ndetse abaturage bose bitwaga ba Militante na ba Militant. Buri mwaka wahabwaga izina bijyanye n’intego igamijwe kugerwaho. Urugero: Gutura Neza, Kurwanya isuri, Kongera umusaruro…
Yagerageje guteza imbere ibikorwa by’amajyambere mu gihugu, ubutwererane n’ibihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda ndetse n’amahanga ya kure. bivugwa ko ku butegetsi bwe hari ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko n’uturere mu kazi no mu mashuri byibasiraga abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi ndetse n’abahutu baturuka mu majyepfo.
Yagiranye umubano mwiza n’abanyamadini cyane cyane aba Kiliziya Gatorika, nka Musenyeri Bigirumwami yafataga nk’umubyeyi we, na Musenyeri Vincent Nsengiyumva. Ku bijyanye n’umutekano, habayeho impfu z’abanyapolitiki ba Repubulika ya Mbere (Havuzwe ko Perezida Habyalimana atahannye abazigizemo uruhare ariko ngo yaba yarahaye impozamarira imiryango ya bamwe muri abo banyapolitiki, umuhungu wa Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda witwa Piyo Kayibanda yabaye n’umudepite), Ihunga rya Colonel Alexis Kanyarengwe, ifungwa rya ba Major Lizinde, Commandant Biseruka, Capitaine Muvunanyambo bivugwa ko ngo bashakaga guhirika ubutegetsi.
Mu bubanyi n’amahanga yagiranye ubucuti n’abakuru b’ibihugu nka Mobutu wa Zaïre, François Mitterrand w’u Bufaransa n’abandi benshi. Yashoboye kandi kwihanganira ubushotoranyi bwa Colonel Jean Baptiste Bagaza w’u Burundi (u Rwanda rwari rufitanye ikibazo cy’umupaka n’u Burundi ahagana mu Bugesera). Yagiranye ubucuti n’abantu benshi bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi, abenshi bakoresheje ubwo bucuti mu kuba abaherwe ni nka Valence Kajeguhakwa, Silas Majyambere, Evariste Sisi, André Katabarwa, ba Rubangura bombi…
Ku butegetsi bwe nibwo hubatswe imihanda ihuza imijyi minini yo mu gihugu, za Ministères, Inzu y’inteko ishingamategeko, Stade Amahoro, Ikibuga cy’indege i Kanombe, na za Telefone zakwijwe mu gihugu hose n’ibindi…
Intambara ya RPF-Inkotanyi
Mu 1990 umuryango wa FPR-Inkotanyi, watangije uruganba rwo kubohora igihugu ndetse no gutahura abanyarwanda bari barahunze kuva mu 1959.FPR-Inkotanyi yateye iturutse muri Uganda. Mu 1993 nibwo hatangijwe imishyikirano yo guhagarika intambara. Mu masezerano ya Arusha.
Urupfu rwe
Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ahagana saa mbiri n’igice (20:30’) indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yari ivanye Perezida Habyalimana muri Tanzaniya ari kumwe na Mugenzi we w’u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira n’abari babaherekeje, yarahanuwe igihe yiteguraga kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe, hakoreshejwe ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa missiles SA-16 byakorewe mu Burusiya. Ibisigazwa by’indege ndetse n’imirambo byaguye mu busitani bw’aho Perezida Habyalimana yari atuye i Kanombe.
