Difference between revisions of "Amateka y’inzara ya Ruzagayura yo mu 1943-1944"

Revision as of 01:56, 18 June 2012

Inzara ya Ruzagayura yatangiye ahagana mu Kwakira kw’i 1943. Yatewe n’amapfa yamaze imyaka ibiri. Ayo mapfa yatangiye muri Nzeli 1942, yongera kubaho nyuma gato y’itumba ryo mu 1943.

Ruzagayura yatewe kandi n’igabanyuka ry’ibiribwa ryaturutse ku ndwara y’ibirayi bita « mildiou/mildew », ndetse no ku ndwara y’ibishyimbo bita « chortophila » no ku ndwara y’ibijumba bita « rhizoctonia/rhizoctonie ». Nk’uko bigaragara, izo ndwara zibasiye ibiribwa by’ibanze by’Abanyarwanda b’icyo gihe. Inzara ya Ruzagayura yongerewe ubukana n’intambara ndetse n’uko icyo gihe Abanyarwanda bagombaga guha umusanzu Leta nkoloni y’Ababiligi yari ihanganye n’ingabo za Adolf Hitler mu ntambara ya kabiri y’isi yose (war effort/ effort de guerre). Uwo musanzu wari ugizwe n’ibiribwa n’amatungo.

Abanyarwanda batangaga inka, ibishyimbo, amasaka, amashaza byo kugaburira abasilikare b’abanyekongo ndetse n’abakozi bo mu birombe byo muri Congo. Usibye ibiribwa n’amatungo, umusanzu w’Abanyarwanda muri iyo ntambara wari ugizwe n’imirimo y’agahato irimo guharura imihanda, kubumba amatafari, gutwara imizigo y’abakoloni, gukora mu birombe bya zahabu na coltan, guhinga ibireti byakoreshwaga mu gutunganya umuti wica udukoko .

Inzara ya Ruzagayura yiswe amazina menshi bitewe n’ubukana yagiye igaragaza mu turere dutandukanye tw’u Rwanda. Mu majyepfo yiswe Ruzagayura. Mu duce dutandukanye tw’uburasirazuba yiswe Rujukundi, Rwanyirarushenyi, Rwakinyebuye cyangwa se Rwakabetezi.

Mu majyaruguru, mu bice bya za Gisenyi na Ruhengeri yiswe Rudakangwimishanana, Rugaragazabadakekwa na Nyirahuku. Hagati mu gihugu ndetse n’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba, mu bice bya Byumba, iyo nzara yari izwi ka Matemane. Mu burengerazuba, muri territoire ya Kibuye, yiswe Gahoro.

Iyo nzara yagize ubukana bwinshi mu majyaruguru, mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu bice bya Cyangugu niho honyine hatigeze hahura n’iyo nzara ku mpamvu z’ikirere cyayo. Ikindi, iyo ntara yari yegeranye na Congo Mbiligi ku buryo itari kugira ikibazo cyo kubura ibiribwa. Ahubwo yakiraga abantu bavuye mu zindi ntara nka Astrida cyangwa se Gisenyi.

Mu gihe cya Ruzagayura, uduce tw’imisozi ihanamye, uduce tw’ubutaka busharira, uduce turangwamo isuri nitwo twababaye cyane kurusha utundi. Muri utwo duce kimwe n’ahandi, abaturage barazahaye ku buryo benshi bamaraga iminsi 2 cyangwa se 3 batariye. Benshi inzara yarabicaga. Abaryaga, wasangaga barya inguri (imizi y’insina), imizi y’ibiti, amareberebe, umutsima uvuye mu ifu ya barakatsi (acacia) cyangwa se y’intembe y’insina. Iyo ndyo idasanzwe nta gushidikanya ko nayo yishe abantu benshi muri icyo gihe.

Abafite agatege barasuhukaga bakajya gushaka aho bakura ibiribwa cyangwa se aho bagurana ibikoresho byabo n’ibiribwa. Benshi wasangaga barananutse nk’uko bigaragara ku mafoto y’icyo gihe. Babitaga ingarisi kubera uko babaga barashizemo. Izo « ngarisi » kimwe n’imirambo y’abitabye Imana biri mu bintu byaranze iyo nzara. Iyo mirambo yasangwaga hafi y’imihanda, mu mirima, mu mashyamba, ku nkengero z’inzuzi n’ahandi henshi.

Umuntu yakwibaza ati ese ni iki abayobozi b’abakoloni bakoze mu kuyirwanya ? Ese ni iki Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa n’abatware bakoze mu kuyihashya ? Ese ni iki abamisiyoneri bakoze mu kuyirwanya ? Ese iyo nzara yagize izihe ngaruka ku banyarwanda ?

Nyuma y’uko hafashwe ingamba zinyuranye zo kurwanya inzara ya Ruzagayura, abaturage babishishikarijwemo n’abategetsi b’abakoloni ndetse n’abatware bahinganye ubwira. Ibyo byatumye inzara irangira, nyamara yasigiye Abanyarwanda benshi ingaruka ziremereye.

Guhera mu ntangiriro z’i 1944, Abanyarwanda bahinze ibishyimbo, amashaza, ibirayi, imyumbati n’ibijumba. Kubera uburumbuke bw’imvura yaguye mu buryo buhagije, umusaruro wariyongereye, ibigega byongera guhunikwamo, abari barasuhutse bagaruka mu ngo zabo. Ubwo abamisiyoneri bahagaritse gutanga amafunguro. Inkambi z’ingarisi zirafungwa. Nuko ahagana muri Nyakanga 1944, abategetsi b’abakoloni bahagarika kohereza amakamyo y’ibiribwa mu Rwanda. Mu mpera z’umwaka w’i 1944, aba aribwo hatangazwa ko inzara yarangiye mu gihugu. N’ubwo inzara ya Ruzagayura yamaze umwaka umwe, yahitanye abantu benshi cyane. Abamisiyoneri b’abagatolika batangaje muri raporo ngarumwaka yo hagati y’i 1939 n’i 1945, ko u Rwanda rwatakaje abantu bagera ku 300 000, harimo n’abasuhukiye mu bindi bihugu nka Tanganyika, Uganda na Congo Mbiligi. Muri iyo raporo bavugaga ko abasuhutse bageraga ku 75 000. Iyo mibare yaturutse muri raporo z’abategetsi b’Ababiligi, nabo bayihawe n’abatware b’Abanyarwanda. Gusa nk’uko nabo babyivugira, ababaruraga bibagirwaga rimwe na rimwe kubara abana, abagore, abarwayi n’abasheshe akanguhe bapfuye cyangwa se bahunze iyo nzara. Ibyo bituma rero umuntu yibaza niba iyo nzara itaba yarahitanye abantu barenga umubare w’abatangajwe muri ayo raporo !

Inzara ya Ruzagayura yangije kandi byinshi, itera n’ubujura bukabije mu gihugu. Ubwo bujura bwakwiye mu turere twose tw’u Rwanda, cyane cyane utwari twarayogojwe n’inzara. Bwakorwaga n’ingeri zose z’Abanyarwanda : Abana, abagabo, abagore, abafundi, abakozi b’abapadiri bibaga ibiribwa mu mirima y’abaturage, mu bubiko bwa misiyoni, mu ngo z’abaturage n’ahandi hantu henshi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’u Rwanda, nko muri teritwari ya Gisenyi, ubwo bujura bwafashe indi ntera kugera aho abaturage batatinyaga gutega ku nzira bagenzi babo bavuye kuri za misiyoni bakabagusha mu gico cyabo (ambush, embuscade), maze bakabambura ibiribwa bahawe.

Ibyo byateje umutekano muke mu gihugu, bizana urwikekwe n’umujinya mwinshi mu Banyarwanda. Ahanini, uwo mujinya waturukaga ku bukarihe bw’inzara no ku buremere bw’umusanzu watangwaga n’Abanyarwanda. Muri uwo musanzu niho habarizwaga imirimo y’agatunambwene. Muri iyo mirimo, Abanyarwanda bakubitwaga ikiboko ubutitsa. Ibyo byatumye bijundika abatware n’abategetsi b’Ababiligi. Abatware batakubitaga abaturage ikiboko barahanwaga. Aha twavuga nk’abatware François Rwabutogo, wo mu Buganza na Simon Nyiringondo wo mu Mirenge, bahanishijwe kunyagwa inka zabo kubera ko batakubise abo bayoboye cyangwa se ngo babakoreshe mu bundi buryo bukarishye.

Abatware nabo bageze aho barakarira cyane Ababiligi kubera ibyo babakoreshaga. Abanyarwanda barakariye kandi abamisiyoneri kuberako bananirwaga kubavugira, ahubwo ugasanga bafatanya n’abategetsi b’Ababiligi mu gukarishya imibereho yabo. Uwo mujinya watumye ndetse Abanyarwanda bifuza guhindurirwa igihugu kibakoloniza. Bamwe muri bo batangiye icyo gihe gutekereza kurwanirira ubwigenge n’ubusugire by’igihugu cyabo.

Hifashishijwe

Dantès Singiza,La famine Ruzagayura (Rwanda, 1943-1944) : causes, conséquences et réactions des autorités