Amoko y'inyandiko

Mu Kinyarwanda dusangamo amoko menshi y’inyandiko,amwe afatiye ku nyandiko zo mu gihe cya kera n’icy’ubu.Inyandiko za kera zakomotse k’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo bwagiye bushyirwa mu nyandiko kuva aho Abanyarwanda bamenyeye kwandika babifashijwemo n’abahanga bo ha mbere ,bahimbaga kandi bakavuga mu mutwe ibyo batoye bitanditse.Ibyo ni nk’Ibisigo,ibyivugo,imigani,amazina y’inka ……

Mu nyandiko z’ubu naho dusangamo ibitekerezo binyuranye,Imbwirwaruhame,Imivugo, Amakinamico,Inkuru,Amabaruwa,n’ibindi

I.Imbwirwaruhame

Imbwirwaruhame ni ijambo rivugirwa imbere y’abandi ,ribwirwa umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi icyarimwe.Imbwirwaruhame nyayi ifite imbata .Ni ukuvuga ,interuro ,igihimba n’umusozo.Imbwirwaruhame zirimo amoko abiri.

1. Imbwirwaruhame ihanitse

Imbwirwaruhame ihanitse, uyivuga aba yabanje kuyitegura yandika akurikije amahame yo guhimba mu Kinyarwanda wandika,kandi akayivuga asoma.Aba kera bo bavugaga imbwirwasruhame zabo mu mutwe ariko iteguwe igihye kirekire.

2. Imbwirwaruhame idahanitse

Imbwirwaruhame idahanitse,ni iy’umuntu afatiyeho atateguye,nabyo bigira inzobere zabyo.Bene izo mbwirwaruhame zikunda kugaragarira mu mihango y’ubukwe ( imisango ).Imbwirwaruhame ,ni inyandiko zifatira ku bintu byionshi nka Politiki,Iyobokamana,Umushinga n’ibindi.

II.Inkuru

Inkuru nazo ziri mu bwoko bw’inyandiko zikunze kuboneka myandikire y’Abanyarwanda.Inkuru akenshi ikaba ivuga ibintu byabayeho cyangwa se bitabayeho ,bitewe nimpamvu yatumye umwanditsi ashaka kwandika iyo nkuru.Amoko y’inkuru ni aya akurikira :

1. Inkuru ndende itatse imvugo

Inkuru ndende itatse imvugo , ni inyandiko y’inkuru ikoresha intondeke ariko ugasanga ikoresha ikitso kimwe.

Urugero : Umuririmbyi wa Nyiribiremwa ya Alexis Kagame

Indyoheshabirayi ya Kagame Alexis

Umubyeyi w’Imbabazi yanditswe na Bahinyuza Inosenti

Umugore gito yanditswe na Ruhashya Epimaki

2. Inkuru ndende ihurutuye

Inkuru ndende ihurutuye,iba yanditse mu buryo bw ;indondore,ikoresha inyandiko isanzwe kandi ihuza abakinnyi benshi bagamije iherezo ry’iitso kimwe.

Urugero : Giramata ya Mukarugira

3. Inkuru ngufi

Inkuru ngufi ibiyiranga ni bimwe ni iby’inkuru ndende ihurutuye ,gusa yo iba ari ngufi idashobora gufata igitabo cyose

Urugero : Arapfa Karamira

4. Inkuru y’imberabyombi

Inkuru y’imberabyombi ,irangwa n’uko iba ibaze ariko ikagira ibice bimwe na bimwe bisa n’iby’ikinamico nui ukuvuga ko hari ibyo umusomyi amenya biturutse ku biganiro abakinnyi ubwabo bagiranye.

5.Inkuru mpangwashusho

Inkuru mpangwashusho , ni inkuru iba ishushanyije .Ibishushanyo biba bifite amagambo cyangwa se ibitekerezo bibiherekeje .Ibitekerezo by’umukinnyi bigaragaza n’utuzero tuba dukurikiranye twerekeje kuri uwo mukinnyi ,amagambo yo aba ari mu kantu kameze nk’agafuka nako kamwerekejeho .

6. Uburyo bwo kubara inkuru

Uburyo bwo kubara inkuru buri ukwinshi,ariko ubw’ingenzi ni ubu bukurikira :

• Ku bara inkuru uri hanze yayo : Ubu buryo burangwa n’uko ubara inkuru areka Umukinnyi akigenga, icyo umusomyi amenya cyose kikaba giturutse ku mukinnyi.Nta gitekerezo bwite by’ubara inkuru biba birimo.

• Ku bara inkuru uyirimo : Birangwa nuko ubara inkuru nawe aba asa n’umukinnyi,icyo gihe ubara inkuru akoresha ngenga ya mbere.

• Kubara inkuru uri inyuma yayo : Ubwo buryo burangwa nuko ubara inkuru asa n’uvuga byinshi umukinnyi atazi ,akamukoresha icyo ashatse ,ibyo bigaragazwa nuko ubarainkuru agera aho akagaragaza igitekerezo cye,akavuga uko abona ibintu.

Icyitonderwa

Mu nkuru imwe hashobora gukoreshwamo uburyo burenze bumwe muri ubu.Ni ngombwa gutandukanya ubara inkuru n’umwanditsi.Inkuru iba ivuga ibyabayeho cyangwa se ibitarabayeho , dore iby’ingenzi mu biranga inkuru

• Uburyo bwo kubara inkuru

• Abakinnyi

• Ahantu hakinirwa

• Icyitso gihamye

III.Inkuru nyarwanda

Umwihariko w’inkuru nyarwanda , nuko zifitanye isano n’imigani miremire ndetse n’ibitekerezo,ni nacyo gituma usanga bitoroshye kubona igisobanuro gihamye ku nkuru.Ubwo buryo bw’ikoresharurimi ntibwari busanzwe mu Rwanda ,icyo Abanditsi benshi bahurizaho nuko inkuru yibutsa uumuryango uyu n’uyu n’umuco wa ba nyirawo.Igitandukanya inkuru n’imigani miremire ,nuko inkuru igira insanganyamatsiko nyinshi zibumbiye ku kitso kirekire n’abayivugwaho benshi .

1. Amateka y’inkuru Nyarwanda

Inkuru nyarwanda ni interuro igamije kubara .Iyo nteruro ntiyari isanzwe mu Kinyarwanda kuko itashoboraga kubaho nta nyandiko .Yavutse kubera Amarushanwa yari agamije guteza imbere ururimi rw’Igifaransa ,ni nayo mpamvu inkuru ya mbere yabonetse mu Kinyarwanda yanditse mu gifaransa.Ayo marushanwa yabaye mu w’1952 .Iyo nkuru yitwa « ESCAPADE » yanditswe na NAYIGIZIKI Saveri.Inkuru ya kabiri yabonetse mu n1955, yitwa « NTA BAJYANA » ya MUNYAKAZI Simoni.Mu myaka yakurikiyeho ,inkuru ntiziyongereye cyane ,uretse ko iza Kagame Alexis.Inkuru zongeye kuboneka ari nyinshi mu mwaka w’1970,zigaruwe na none n’amarushanwa .Kuva icyo gihe kandi zagiye ziyongera.

Urugero :

MURERANYANA ya Byuma Faransisiko

NTA BYERA ya Nsanzuruvugo Vigitoriya

MBABARENGIRENTE ya Nzirorera Aloyizi

GIRAMATA ya Niyitegeka Mukarugira Yuriyana

AHO MBIKENGE ya Nsabimana Yohani Karawudiyani