Amazina y'inka

Nk'uko amateka y’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda abigaragaza, Amazina y’inka ni nk’ibyivugo cyangwa ibisingizo by’inka z’inyambo. Iyi nganzo ikaba yaratangiye ku ngoma ya Yuhi IV Gahindiro ahasaga mu w’1746. Nibwo Abanyarwanda babifitiye ubushake n’ubushobozi bibanze ku bwiza n’akamaro kanini inka zari zifite, batangiye kuzivuga bazirata ndetse bakazirwanisha no ku rugamba.

Uko inka zatangiye kuratwa no kurwanishwa

Buri mutwe w’ingabo wabaga ubangikanye n’umutwe w’inka, maze Umwisi akawuteza undi mutwe w’inka bibangikanye. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo inka yo mu mutwe uyu n’uyu yatsindaga byaheshaga iahema umutwe wose ndetse n’umutwe w’Ingabo biri kumwe. Dore imwe mu mitwe y’inka n’iy’ingabo yabayeho mu Rwanda.

Umutwe w’inka waremerwaga umutware w’inyambo ukaba ugizwe n’amashyo menshi, amwe ari ay’Inyambo andi ari ay’inkuku, maze Umwisi akitagusa inyambo. Abisi kandi barwanishaga inka zo mu bushyo bw’ibihogo n’amagaju. Inka zo mu bushyo bw’Ibihogo n’ubushyo bwaremwe bukuwe mu nka zo mu Rwanda, naho amagaju bwabaga ari ubushyo buremwe mu nka z’iminyago.Ni ukuvuga ko iyo Umwisi yitaga inka y’ibihogo yatitezaga umutware w’Inyambo ,Umutahira n’Abarenzamase b’ubushyo bw’amagaju.

Umwisi yirindaga guteza inyambo umutware w’Ingabo z’Umwami.

Umutware w’inyambo: Yari umutware ukomeye agashingwa guhora yorora inyambo, kandi akazongera akoresheje ubuhanga bwe mu ibangurira. Ubwo buhanga yakoreshaga bwari ukubiri; Hari ubwari bufatiye ku mfizi y’inyambo n’ishashi y’inkuku, kugeza ubwo bageze ku ngegene. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwari ubwo kubangurira imfizi y’inkuku ku nyambo bigatanga ingegene. Umutware w’inyambo ntiyanyagwaga, iyo yasazaga yasigiraga uwo murimo umuhungu we akamusimbura.

Umutahira: Yari umunyacyubahiro mu mutwe uyu n’uyu wahabwaga ubushyo ubun’ubu ngo abnwiteho abubwirize.Inka zo muri ubwo bushyo zabagaari amabuguma,yarazegurirwaga,maze akajya azigurana imikangara izatorwamo imirundi yashoboraga kurema andi mashyo y’inyambo.Iyo ubushyo bwamaraga gusaza, bamuremeraga ubundi bushyashya.

Abarenzamase: Bari abakozi b’umutahira, bakaragira, Bagakuka kandi bagaca icyarire.

Icyitonderwa ku mazina y’inka

Amazina y’inka ni imwe mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzonyemvugo bwashyizwe mu nyandiko nyuma y’uko Abanyzrwanda bamenye kwandika babifashijwemo n’abahanga ba kera bashoboraga guhimba kuvuga no gufata mu mutwe ibyo bahimbye cyangwa babwiwe. Izina ry’inka rigizwe n’ibice byinshi.

Incutso: Ni igisingizo gitangira amazina y’inka gihabwa inyambo zabyaye uburiza. Iyo ncutso niyo ihinduka "Impamagazo" y’izina ryose.

Impakanizi: Ni igisingizo cya kabiri kigenewe izahawe incutso iyo zibyaye ubwa kabiri.

Imivugo: Ni ibisingizo bikurikira impakanizi. Buri Muvugo usozwa n’icyo bise "Impakanizi y’umuzinge" (ni interuro igenda igaruka isoza buri gisingizo kigize izina ry’inka)

Umusibo cyangwa unuvunano: Ni igisingizo cya nyuma gisoza izina ry’inka bakaba bakita nanone "umuzinge". Iki gisingizo bacyita umusibo iyo basoza barata inka y’indatwa gusa, kikitwa umuvunano iyo basoza basingiza izahawe incutso zose.

Mu izina ry’inka buri gisingizo kigira interuro, uretse "Impakanizi" ariko nayo igira impakanizi y’umuzinge nko ku bindi bisingizo byose.

Bimwe mu bitandukanya amazina y’inka n’ubundi buvanganzo

Izina ry’inka rigizwe n’ibice byinshi bitandukanye mu mazina. Naho izindi ngeri z’ubuvanganzo usanga ari ubumwe bw’umwandiko ubumbye. Umuntu uhanga amazina y’inka bamwita "umwisi" ku Bisigo bakamwita Umusizi, naho ku zindi ngeri bamwita "Umuhanzi" (umuhimbyi ku mivugo,umuririmbyi iyo aririmba). Amazina y’inka niyo Abahanzi bafatiyeho kugirango bahimbe bakoresheje injyana ipimye.

Umwisi: Yabaga azi kureshyeshya amajwi mu mabango yakoreshaga (imikarago), akagira ubuhanga bwo kugenda anyuranya amajwi abangutse (anyarutse) n’animbitse, Ijwi rinyarutse rirangwa n’akabangutso kamwe naho irinimbitse rikarangwa n’utubangutso tubiri.

Impugukirwa: Mu ibara ry’utubangutso, inyajwi ebyiri zikurikiranye mu magambo atandukanye, iya mbere iburizwamo, kandi inyajwi itangiye umukarago ntibarwa.Dore urugero rw’izina ry’inka:

Rutagwaabiziminega 9 Inkuba zeesa mu bihogo 9 Rwaa mugabo nyirigira 9 Imbizi isaanganizwa ingoma 9 N’umugabe w’I Ruyuumba 9 Ikiiseesuurura imbibi 9 Ikaba mu marizay’impeta 9 Igasa n’inyamibwa Rweema 9 Ikiitwa nyirazo rwoose 9 Akaba ariyo itegeka Ngeri 9

Hifashishijwe

• Inka z'indatwa, Nsanzabera Jean Dieu, Kamena 2004.