Kuvuga

Kuvuga ni ukugaragaza ibitekerezo biri ku mutima w’umuntu cyane ko “Akuzuye umutima gasesekara ku munwa” ,mu mvugo akaba ariho umuntu agaragariza ibitekerezo byubaka cyangwa se bisenya.

Kuvuga ni ikintu kigomba kwitonderwa cyane kugirango hato umuntu atavuga amangambure (kuvuga ibitajyanye ) cyangwa se agahomvomva (kuvuga amatakaragasi ),aha bikaba bisaba ko umuntu akoresha ikeshamvugo ryabigenewe kugira ngo atagira abo yabangamira mu mvugo ye,cyangwa se akavuga amagambo mu gihe kitari icyayo. I keshamvugo rigizwe ahanini n’itakamvugo yiyongeraho injyana y’igishaka kuvugwa,rikaba rifasha umuntu kudapfa kuvuga ijambo iryo ariryo ryo se aho abonye hose.Mu mvugo niho dusangamo amoko y’imvugo ,ndetse n’Iyigantego rijyanye nimikoreshereze y’ururimi.

I.Amoko y’imvugo

Imvugo zirimo amoko atatu ,izo zose zigakoreshwa biytewe n’aho umuntu ari ,Igihe arimo,abo abwira n’icyo ashaka kuvuga.Izo mvugo ni izi zikurikira :

• Imvugo ihanitse

• Imvugo isanzwe

• Imvugo ikocamye

Muri zo mvugo zose twavuze haruguru nta n’imwe idakoreshwa,umwihariko wazo ,nuko zizamo amarangamutima y’ahantu uvuga ari ,uwo agiye kuvuga cyangwa icyo agiye kuvuga.

1. Imvugo ihanitse

Imvugo ihanitse ni imvugo ikunda gukoreshwa cyane mu buhanzi,ikarangwamo kenshi imvugo kuzimiza,guca imigani ,amarenga,amagambo yuje inshoberamahanga n’ibindi.Amagambo avugwamo kenshi ni amagambo ataziguye ,uyavuga akabanza guca I Kantarange kugirango agere ku cyo ashaka kuvuga.Muri make ni imvugo y’ikiyoberabaswa kuko kenshi ivuga itahuranyije ngo irase ku ntego.

Uko abantu babaho mu buryo butandukanye niko dusanga ubuzima wabo bwa buri munsi bunyutranye.Ibyo bituma abantu aba n’aba usanga barazobereye mu bintu runaka ,bakagira ubumenyi ubu n’ubu bujyanye n’ukubaho kwabo.Birumvikana ko niba umutnu yarazobereye mu bumenyi ubu n’ubu agira imvugo yihariye yumvikanaho n’abo bayihuriyeho.Bene izo mvugo ziboneka cyane cyane mu banyamyuga nk’Abasizi,Abahinzi,Abavuzi ….Aha niho dusanga imvugo nka ;Sha, we ,yewe mwana n’izindi.Imvugo Ihanitse ,benshi bakunda no kuyita imvugo ya Gihanga

Urugero :Gukoza : Gutangira guhinga

Guturutsa : Gutangira kubiba

Gupfundikira : Kurangiza kubiba

2. Imvugo isanzwe

Imvugo isanzwe ni imvugo ikoreshwa n’Abanyarwanda mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi.Muri ubwobwoko bw’imvugo niho dusangamo :

• Imvugo y’ubutegetsi

Mu butegetsi ubwo aribwo bwose,haboneka imvugo yabugenewe ,itari iya giseseka.Kandi yubahisha urwego rw’ubutegetsi ubu n’ubu. Urugero :Amagambo akoreshwa nka BA NYAKUBAHWA

BANYACYUBAHIRO

Ibyo bikagendana no gufata ngenga yo mu bwinshi kandi ushaka kuvuga umuntu umwe gusa.

*Imvugo y’ubushyikirane

Iyo mvugo ikoreshwa ahantu hateraniye abantu basanzwe baziranye.Igakurikiza ikiganiro cy’abantu aba b’aba,iyo ukurikiraniye hafi imvugo y’abo bantu uhita umenya ubushyikirane n’ubwumvikane abo bantu bafitanye ubwabo ,bitewe n’imikoreshereze y’ururimi ,yuje amarangamutima agaragazwa n’uburyo bitwara mu mvugo izo arizo zose.Kenshi na kenshi iyo uri umuvantara ntushobora gupfa gusobanukirwa n’ibyo bavuga.

*Imvugo Isukuye

Imvugo isukuye ni imvugo ikoresha amagambo yiyubashye,igamije gusukura igitekerezo cy’uwagikoresheje.Iyi mvugo ijya gukoresha amagambo nk’ayo mu mvugo ihanitse usibye ko yo itazimiza cyane cyangwa se ngo ice ikantarange ,ahubwo ivuga yahuranya kandi igakoresha amagambo buri wese abasha gusobanukirwa bitamugoye .

3.Imvugo ikocamye

Imvugo ikocamye ni imvugo ikunda gukoreshwa n’abantu twakwita ibinyamusozi (abantu btazi kubana n’abandi ,batataramye .,kandi batarezwe.) .Imvugo ikocamye ntawe yubaha nta n’uwo iha agaciro.Kuba ari imvugo ikocamye ,ariko ntibyayibuza gukoreshwa n’ahandi hantu bitewe no ku gaya cyangwa se gupfobya ikintu iki n’iki.Bityo umuntu ntahe agaciro ikitagakwiye cyanwa se ngo akime ikigakwiye.Iyi mvugo nubwo benshi bayigaya ,ariko ifite ibyiza byinshi ,cyane cyane bishingiye ku kugaragaza ukuri kwambaye ubusa ku bintu runaka.Ikindi kandi iyi mvugo izwiho nk’umwihariko,nuko nta bwiru igira.Ibwira abadakwiye kubwira,igataramira abadataramirwa,ikabwira inkuru abatari bene yo.Muri iyo mvugo niho dusanga :

*Imvugo nyandagazi

Imvugo nyandagazi , ni imvugo ikoresha amagambo atiyubashye,kandi igakoza isoni nyirukuyikoresha.Iyo mvugo ntiyita k’uwo ibwira,aho ivugirwa n’igihe ivugiwemo.

Urugero :Nko kuvuga ijambo Kunnya abantu bari ku meza

Kuvuga amabyi hagati y’abantu ,n’ibindi

Kuvuga ngo Ndagaswi

Imvugo nyandagazi ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvuga ibintu mu gihe kitari icyabyo cyangwa hagati y’abantu batabikwiriye .

Urugero :Nko kuvuga amazina y’ibitsina hagati y’abana,cyangwa ukavugwa

iby’imibonano mpuzabitsina mutari mu mwanya wabyo

*Imvugo y’urufefeko

Imvugo y’urufefeko ,ni imvugo y’agatsiko aka n’aka k’abantu aba hamwe kandi basangiye ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi bakayumvikanaho ubwabo ,uwaba abinjiyemo ari mushya ntashobore kuyumva.Muri utwo dutsiko twavuga : -Abanyeshuri,Abamotari,Abacuruzi,Ingabo n’abandi Urugero: Kugendera mu kigare

Gufunga inguni

Gucura inkota

Kuva hasi n’ayandi

Icyo twavuga ahangaha , nuko imvugo ariyo itwereka urwego uvuga arimo .Urwo rwego nirwo bita “Ihanikarurimi “Ihanikarurimi ritandukanya imvugo z’ubwoko bwinshi .

II.Iyigantego

Iyigantego , ni urwego rw’iyiga ndimi rugamije kugaragaza inyito cyangwa se insobanuro z’amagambo.Ryibanda ku kugaragaza amagambo ahuriye ku nsanganyamatsiko imwe,ku magambo ahuje inyito n’afite inyito nyinshi.Mu iyigantego niho dusangamo :

1.Isesenguranyito

Isesenguranyito niryo rigaragaza insanganyamatsiko y’amagambo menshi ariko ukerekana n’aho atandukaniye .Isesenguranyito rikunda gukoreshwa ku buryo bushushanyije bw’imbonerahamwe. Urugero :Ibinyobwa by’Abanyarwanda

Ikinyobwa

Urwagwa

Butunda

Ikigage

Inkangaza

Byeri

Inturire

Umusururu

Fanta

Amata

Divayi

Igikoma

2.Ingwizanyito n’impuzanyito

Ijambo bita “Ingwizanyito “ni iriba rishobora kugira inyito nyinshi zitandukanye bitewe nuko zakoreshejwe .Iyo iryo jambo ari inshinga akenshi inyito zaryo zitangwav n’ibyuzuzo biri kumwe nayo.Iyo hatanzwe imvugo ,ijambo ry’ingwizanyito rihita ryumvikanisha igisobanuro cyaryo bitabaye ngombwa gushaka inyito zaryo zose.Ubwo buryo bw’ishakishanyito nibwo bita “Igwizanyito “

Urugero: UMUTWE: -Intangiriro

-Igice cy’umubiri

-Agatsiko k’abahuje umugambi

-Indwara y’icyo gice cy’umubiri

-Amahirwe

-Igitekerezo

-Imyobo y’igisoro

Amagambo bita “Impuzanyito “ ni amagambo aba ashobora gusimburana mu muikoreshereze yayo mu nteruro kuko aba afite ibisobanuro bimwe.Mu gukoresha impuzanyito tugomba kwitondera imisimburanire yayo ,kuko inyito zayo zishobora kunyuranya bitewe n’imvugo cyangwa se urwego rw’ihanikandimi uvuga arimo.Impuzanyito zikoreshwa ziri mu buryo bubiri butandukanye.

• Gusimburanya ijambo irindi bihuje inyito , kenshi binahuje ubwoko
• Gusimbuza ijambo agatsiko k’amagambo .Ubu buryo bukoreshwa iyo ijambo risimburwa ritabonye iryarisimbura ku buryo bworoshye.Icyo gihe rero hagomba imvugo kugirango ushobore guhitamo agatsiko k’amagambo gakwiranye na ryo.

Urugero :

Imbata y’inzu,

Imbata y’inkoko,

Imbata y’umuntu umaze igihe mu bucakara

Iyo umuntu akoresheje uburyo bwose twavuze haruguru,nta kabuza abasha kuvuga imvugo nziza nta nkomyi.Kandi ikaba imvugo yizihiye abamwumva ,bakanyurwa n’iyo mvugo nziza yuje ubupfura n’ubumanzi,yuje amahoro asuma ,bityo bakarushaho kumubonamo ubunararibonye n’ibitekerezo bizima kandi byubaka.

Hifashishijwe

Igitabo “Umuco n’ubuvanganzo “( NSANZABERA Jean de Dieu , 2012)