Semugaza

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Semugazani mwene Kigeli III Ndabarasa wimye mu Rwanda mu w’1708 kugeza mu w’1741. Semugaza kandi ni mukuru wa Yuhi IV Gahindiro kuko umugabekazi Nyirarunga yari nyina wabo. Yari umugaba w’Urukatsa, ingabo za Gatarabuhura wari mwene se wa Mibambwe Sentabyo. Semugaza ni uwa gatandatu mu ntwari zagororewe zikeshwa gutuma Gahindiro wari uruhinja atsinda Gatarabuhura washakaga kumwica ngo azungure iungoma ya Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo. Izo ntwari ni Kiyange wemeye gupfa mu mwanya wa Nyirarunga; Nyiramuhanda watanze umuhungu we ngo apfe mu mwanya wa gahindiro; Nkebya wari umutware ukomeye akaba n’umuyoboke wa Mibambwe, warwaniye Gahindiro; Baryinyonza na we wari umuyoboke wa Mibambwe; Rusuka witangiye Gahindiro akanga kumutanga ndetse akaza no kumuhisha.

Mu gihe Gatarabuhura yashakaga gutera u Rwanda nyuma y’itanga rya Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo wari se wa Gahindiro, Semugaza, yahaye ingobo ze itegeko ryo kuba ziretse kurwana kandi urugamba rutangiye ubwo zari zitanye mu mitwe n’ingabo z’i Bwami kwa Mibambwe Sentabyo, ndetse nyuma aza kuzigarukana arazirwanya afatanije n’ingabo za Gahindiro, zineshwa zityo, zimwe zirahunga izindi zirayoboka. Semugaza rero yagumye i Bwami, agororerwa kuba umutware, ndetse akomeza no gutwara ingabo z’Urukatsa nk’uko byari bisanzwe.

Semugaza uyu yabaye ikirangirire ku ngoma ya Gahindiro, biturutse ku nka z’ibara (ubugondo) yanyaze mu gitero yagabye i Bunyabungo. Mu Rwanda bamwise ikitagarurwa, baza no kumuhimbira indirimbo bagira bati: “Ikitagarurwa ni Semugaza, kuko yacitse Abanyarwanda bamutangira akabanesha, akabagerana i Ndorwa, n’uko kandi Gahindiro yamubwiye kuguma mu Rwanda amaze guhorera Abanyarwanda baguye ku Rujyo i Bunyabungo, aka-mwangira agasubira i Ndorwa.”

Bene intsinzi yo mu Ruhango barebana ay’ingwe, Semugaza agerageza gukingira ikibaba Rubaba

Ku itanga ry’Umwami Mibambwe Sentabyo, ingabo z’Urukatsa zari iza Gatarabuhura wari mwene se zasakiraniye n’iz’i Bwami mu Ruhango, maze Semugaza umugaba w’Urukatsa ararutsindisha. Abakeshwa iyo nsinzi ni za ntwari zagororewe twabonye haruguru, zirimo na Semugaza. Barashwanye rero ku buryo amahari yabo yatumye bagenda bapfa uruhongohongo barashira.

Bavuga ko Nyiratunga yeguriye burundu ubutegetsi umuhungu we hashize imyaka makumyabiri. Agitegeka mu mwanya wa Gahindiro, ngo yajyaga yicara mu bandi bagabo bagasangira itabi, n’ubwo cyari ikintu kidasanzwe ku mugore w’icyubahiro nka we. Igihe yamweguriraga ubutegetsi ku mugaragaro, yavuze amagambo meza akomeye atazibagirana, ati: “Nguyu Umwami wanyu. Ndetse kuba umugabo mbaye umugore, nsubiye mu mbere nkabo, ntimuzongera kumbona mu butegetsi.” Ni ko byagenze, ntiyongeye kwinjira mu by’ubutegetsi bw’Umwami, yagiye mu birebana n’ubugabekazi.

Mbere y’uko atanga ubutegetsi, imitegekere ye yagiye irangwa n’amabwire, kenshi aturutse ku mahari atajyaga abura i Bukuru. Ntibyoroshye kumenya ukuntu yagiye agirana amakimbirane n’abantu nka Semugaza, umutware w’Urukatsa, umwe yari abereye nyina wabo akaba yari n’umugabo, wawundi wamutabaje ingabo zamukijije Ibigina bigiye kumwicana na Gahindiro.

Igihe kimwe i Bwami batuye i Gihara ahahoze ar imuri Runda, ni bwo Semugaza yashwanye na Nyiratunga bateranijwe na Baryinyonza ndetse na Nkebya, bemezaga ko Semugaza ashaka kwica Gahindiro akima ingoma. I Bwami baje kubyemera nk’ukuri, ni ko gushaka kumufata ngo atangwe, ariko bakamutinya kubera ingabo ze. Icyatumaga bamugirira ishyari, cyane ngo ni ubutwari yagaragaje arwanira Gahindiro, ukubitiyeho n’ubutoni yari afite kuri Nyiratunga kuko yari amubyaye. Byarabababazaga cyane rero kuko ngo uhereye na mbere bari abayoboke ba Mibambwe, bakaba barihanganiye imbeho y’ijoro n’icyokere cya ku manywa, naho Semugaza uje nyuma akabarusha ubutoni. Yaziraga kandi kuba yarakingiraga ikibaba Rubaba na Kabano ka Kazenga ka Ndabarasa bahoze barwanira Gatarabuhura.

Icika rya Semugaza

Semugaza ashaka gucika, yatse uruhusa avuga ko agiye guterekera se Ndabarasa mu rugo rwe rw’i Mamfu ahahoze ari Muhura ya Byumba, uruhusa araruhabwa. Ubwo rero abanzi be bari babonye amahirwe kuko bifuzaga ko agwa mu cyaha cyo kwangana n’i Bwami, kandi ubwo yari atangiye kwigomeka. Mbere y’uko Umugabekazi amuha uruhusa, yasabye Semugaza ko amusigira umuhungu we Ruyenzi akamuguma hafi, Semugaza aramumuha. Ubwo Umugabekazi yagira ngo abe nk’ingwate, atazagira ikibi akorera i Bwami.

Semugaza yahise afata ingabo ze n’inka arashogoshera yerekeza i Mamfu. Bageze ku ibuye rya Nyabarongo, Urukatsa ruhatsinda ingwe ruyicishije amaboko. Amaze kwambuka, abanzi be batwika ikiraro cye (inzu ye yari i Bwami). Semugaza akibyumva, atuma intumwa i Bwami ati: “Nimunyoherereze umwana wanjye, bitabaye ibyo ndahita nza kumutwara ku ngufu.” I Bwami batinya intambara bamwoherereza umuhungu we Ruyenzi. Hagati aho ariko, i Bwami bari bamutumyeho intumwa ngo bibagirwe ibyahise biyunge, ntiyabyitaho arikomereza.

Bageze Kicukiro ya Kigali, inka ya Semugaza yitwaga Inka ya Rureri irabyara, bahamara iminsi itatu bayihemba , ishize bikomereza gahoro gahoro kuko nta cyo bikangaga ku ngabo z’i Bwami kurinda bageze i Mamfu.

Akiri iwe, aza kujya i Nyakayaga agira ngo ategure urugendo rwe ruzerekera i Ndorwa ku mugaragaro. I Bwami nabo hagati aho barimo bashaka uburyo bazamutangira ntahunge, maze bohereza ingabo kurema ingerero ahazengurutse Nyakayaga. Mu ngabo zoherejwe, izari zikomeye cyane ni Ababanda, cyane cyane umutwe wabo witwaga Abakotanyi, bayobowe na Senyamigende wazitwariraga se Vuningoma mwene Nyarwaya Karuterwa wa Yuhi III Mazimpaka.

Abakotanyi bashinze urugerero rwabo i Rwata na Gahabo hafi ya Nyakayaga, aho bacungiraga Semugaza. Naho ingabo zitwaga Abacumita zari ziyobowe n’umutware Busasa, bashinze urugerero rwabo ahakikije Nyabugando mu majyaruguru ya Nyakayaga; mu gihe Abashumba bari baganditse i Lyakimasha hafi ya Gabiro. Intaganzwa muri uko kugota Semugaza zari zihagarariwe n’umutwe wazo Abahurambuga, bari batwawe na Nyagatanda abatwariye Munana imfura ya Nyiratunga na Gihana kuko yari akiri muto icyo gihe. Uyu mutwe w’ingabo ni wo Rusuka yabagamo.

Ku ruhande rwa Semugaza, usibye urukatsa yari afite undi mutwe witwaga Abashahuzi. Amateka avuga ko iyo mitwe ibiri ari yari igize ingabo ze zitwaga Ababito, zahoze zirinda Kigeli III Ndabarasa. Mbere Ababito batwarwaga na Butwatwa mwene Kigeli III Ndabarasa, waje kwicwa n’igituntu asimburwa na Semugaza umuvandimwe we. Muri iyo minsi, i Bwami bohereza Rugira rwa Semakamba ya Busyete ngo agenzure uko ingabo zihagaze. Imitwe yose yaraje yiyereka imbere ya Rugira, aza no kujya i Nyakayaga kwa Semugaza, maze Semugaza na we aremera ingabo ze ziyereka Rugira. Rugira asubira i Bwami gutanga raporo y’ubutumwa bwe, agira ati: “Musabe Imana iby’icika rya Semugaza abe ari impuha.” Naho Vuningoma ati: “Yacika ate se kandi Abakotanyi bahari?” Rugira ati: “Ntacyo nakongeraho bitewe n’uko umuhingu wawe Senyamugende ari we uyoboye Abakotanyi akaba ari na we uzahagwa.”

Bitewe n’uko uwo Senyamugende yari umwuzukuruza wa Yuhi III Mazimpaka, bityo akaba yari afitanye isano ya bugufi na Semugaza, yagiye gusura Semugaza bariho baganira aza kumubaza amashirakinyoma ku ihunga rye. Yamushubije ko ibyo gucika kwe ari ibihuha by’abamubeshyera. Ruyenzi wari muri icyo kiganiro abwira Senyamugende ati: “Data arakubeshya kuko twari kuva mu Rwanda ejo, ariko bitewe n’uko barumuna banjye bategeye umuhigo mu gishanga cya Rwagitima, byatumye kugenda kwacu tubyimurira ejo bundi. Yongeraho ati: “Kandi ntugire ikibazo nitujya kugenda tuzakumenyesha, uzumva umuirishyo w’ingoma, kuko mfite amatsiko yo kumenya intwari hagati y’Abakotanyi n’Urukatsa bagiye batabarana kuva kera ariko batararwana, akaba ari yo mpamvu nshaka kubona aho barwana mbere y’uko duhunga.” Hagati aho Semugaza yari yamwaye bitewe n’uko umuhungu we yamubeshyuje. Ruyenzi ni ko kumugaya cyane amubwira ko nta mugabo uhisha imigambi ye.

Umunsi wavuzwe ugeze, Ruyenzi avuza ingoma amenyesha Senyamugende ko bahagurutse. Abashahuzi baherekeza ingobyi ya Semugaza bazamuka berekeza i Ndorwa, naho Ruyenzi ayoboye Urukatsa, bagenda berekeza iburengerazuba ngo bahure n’Abakotanyi bari intwari kabuhariwe mu kurwanisha ingabo, maze barasakirana, ku mpande zombi hapfa benshi nk’uko byari byitezwe ariko Urukatsa runesha Abakotanyi ndetse na Senyamugende umutware wa bo agwa ku rugamba.

Ubwo Urukatsa rwazamukaga rukurikiye Semugaza, rwarwanye n’Abahurambuga bayobowe na Nyagatanda ruhita rubanesha dore ko bari batamenyereye imirwano, kuko hari hashize igihe gito baremwe. Naho Abashahuzi bari baherekeje ingobyi ya Semugaza, mu nzira baggggiye barwana n’ingabo zabaga zabateze. Baje gusakirana n’Abacumita barwanira ahitwa ku Nkamba hafi ya Nyabugondo ku mugezi wa Munyururu. Abacumita baratsinzwe bikabije, ndetse n’umutware wabo Busasa arahagwa. Kubera intambara ikaze yabereye aho i Nkamba, bahise bahahimba i Nkamba-myambi. Iyo ntambara irangiye Abashahuzi bategereza Urukatsa, kuko noneho bari bagiye guhura n’Abashumba bari bayobowe na Binama watwaraga uwo mutwe w’ingabo za Mabano ya Binama bya Kimanuka cya Kigeli III. Nguko uko Semugaza yagiye atsinda ingabo ziruta umubare, ariko abishobozwa n’uko atarwaniye na zo icyarimwe, ni ko gukomeza mu Ndorwa. Semugaza n’ingabo ze baragiye bageze i Ndorwa bigarurira igice cyayo kuko abayitegekaga icyo gihe bari baracitsemo ibice kuva ku ngoma ya Ndabarasa, bari bazi Urukatsa kuko ari rwo rwari rwarayigaruriye ku ngoma ya Kigeli III, bityo ntibahakwa n’umwe mu batwaraga i Ndorwa. Bamaze gutura, bakajya batera inkiko z’u Rwanda bakazinesha, inka banyaze bakazijyana aho bacikiye.

I bwami basaba Semugaza guhunguka

Hashize iminsi ni bwo I Bwami baje kumenya ukuri ku rupfu rwa Rubaba no ku icika rya Semugaza, kandi icyo gihe Gahindiro yari yarakuze ariwe uyobora igihugu umugabekazi yarasubiye mu mbere. Ariko kandi hari ikintu cyabaye, ku bw’amahirwe kiza gushyira ahagaragara uko kuri ku bijyanye n’uko Semugaza yakundaga igihugu kandi agashyira inyungu zacyo imbere kuruta ize bwite. Icyo si ikindi, ni uko we n’ingabo ze bigeze kuva aho bari bacikiye baza guhorera u Rwanda rwari rwagiriye icyorezo mu gitero cy’i Bunyabungo ahitwa kuri Rujyo (Bukavu). Ingabo z’u Rwanda zari zahashiriye, na Cyimana umugaba umugaba w’igitero yahaguye n’imana yakereje yahasigaye. Icyo gitero cyateye icyorezo, ari nayo nkomoko y’igitutsi kigira kiti “Kajye Rujyo (cyangwa Kajye mujyo)”, ari byo bivuga ngo uragapfa. Urukatsa rero rwarahateye rurahatsinda, rurahora, ruhanyaga n’inka z’ibara ry’ubugondo (Inkunge n’Inyenyeli ari zo Gahindiro yaje kugabira abahungu be Nkoronko na Nkusi).

Abantu bamaze kubona ko nta bugome bwa Semugaza, babonye n’izo nka z’ibara anyagiye i Bwami, rubanda ruti: “Uwateranije I Bwami na Semugaza, ziriya nka zizamukoza ibara (kuko izo nka zari ubugondo).” Ni aho umugani wo gukoza ibara waturutse. Ubundi ibara ni ijambo bakoresha baragura inkoko, yakwanga kwera (yirabuye) bati yabaye ibara.

Bitewe n’uko Gahindiro ari we wari ufite ubutegetsi bwose, yahise yohereza uwitwaga Mabano ya Kimanuka ngo ajye kumvisha Semugaza ko akwiye gutahuka mu Rwanda. Kubera ko Semugaza yasobanukiwe n’uko i Bwami bamenye ukuri ku bye kandi bakaba barifuzaga ko agaruka, yari yemeye kugaruka ariko abuzwa n’uko yari yaranduye indwara y’igituntu, yanga gutahuka arwaye, abwira umuhungu we Ruyenzi ko namara gupfa bazatahuka uretse Kabano kuko mbere y’uko bacika, yari yaratutse umugabekazi bituma amuvuma, bityo akaba ataragombaga kugaruka mu Rwanda.

Aho Semugaza apfiriye, baratashye ndetse bakirwa neza, cyane cyane Ruyenzi, ariko na we yaje kugwa mu ishyari ry’ubutoni biturutse kuri Rugaju rwa Mutimbo wari umutoni wa gahindiro cyane.

Amateka avuga ko bitewe n’ubutoni Ruyenzi yagombaga kugira kuri Gahindiro, byahagaritse umutima Rugaju cyane bishoboka ko yari ari ku ruhande rwa Nkebya, maze atinya ko Ruyenzi yazihorera ku banzi be na se. Rugaju ni ko gusaba Umwami ngo yohereze Ruyenzi n’ingabo ze kurinda inkiko yahungabanywaga n’Abarundi, kuko yemezaga ko izo ngabo z’intwari ari zo rukumbi zishobara kubanesha. Rugaju ngo yahise abuza abarurage bo muri ako gace kuzatabara urugerero nk’uko byagendaga mu gihe umwanzi yabaga ateye. Ngo yaba yaranagiye amenyesha Abarundi ko nibatera nta baturage bazatabara, bituma batera igitero simusiga gihitana Ruyenzi n’ingabo ze.

Hifashishijwe

• Ibyo ku ngoma z’abami b’u Rwanda unyuze ku muzi w’abasuka, Nyirishema Célestin, 2008.