Ibigori
Imbuto nshya z’ibigori zera mu Rwanda
Imwe mu nshingano ya Leta y’u Rwanda ,ni ugushakira imbuto nziza z’indobanure zitanga umusaruro ushimishije.Ni muri urwo rwego ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworoai (ISAR) cyashyize ahagaragara imbuto 2 nshya z’ibigori.Imwe ikaba yarashyizwe ahagaragara muri Mutarama 2008,indi ishyirwa ahagaragara mu Ukuboza 2008.Izo mbuto ni izi zikurikira:
Imbuto ISARH071
Iyo mbuto yavuye muri CIMMYT-Etiyopiya yitwa Pool9ASR3SYN,aho yarobanuriwe ku bufatanye bwa CIMMYT na Porogarame z’ibigori bihingwa mu misozi miremire zo mu bihugu 6 by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba aribyo :Etiyopiya,Kenya ,Uganda,Tanzaniya ,Rwanda ,Burundi.Ikaba yararobanuriwe kwihanganira indwara cyane cyane ingenge z’amabara(Maize streak virus disease),no kwera vuba ugereranyije n’izindi mbuto zisanzwe zera mu misozi miremire y’ibyo bihugu.Iyi mbuto igeze mu Rwanda mu w’2005 yageragerejwe muri Musanze,Nyabihu (Tamira)Burera (Rwerere) mu mirima myinshi y’abahinziborozi mu turere tw’imisozi miremire.Mu mwaka w’2007,yahinzwe mu mirima 3 y’intangarugero yo mu karere ka Musanze na Burera .Iyo mirima niyo yakoreshejwe mu kuyishyira ahagaragara ku wa 25/1/2008.Ikaba yareze Toni zirenga 10 kuri hegitari.
- Uko iyo mbuto iteye
-Aho ihingwa:Mu misozi miremire (hejuru ya 2200 m)
-Igihe imara kugirango yere:Amezi 4,5-6,5
-Indwara:Yihanganira indwara cyane cyane ingenge z’amabara
-Umusaruro :Hejuru ya Toni 7 kuri hegitari
- Uko ihingwa
1.Gukoresha imbuto zavuye mu batubuzi ,baba badahari ugakoresha imbuto wisaruriye mu bihembwe bibiri ,ku gihembwe cya gatatu ukajya gushaka imbuto nshya mu batubuzi.
2.Iyo utoranya ibigori bizavamo imbuto ,ubitoranya mu murima hagati,ugatoranya ibitarwaye,bitaguye,ikigori gipfutse neza n’ibishishwa,gifite kandi imirongo igororotse.
3.Gutoranya umurima uhinze neza, kongera ishwagara mu murima
4.Gutera imvura itangiye kugwa kuko gutinda gutera bigabanya umusaruro.
5.Gutera ku murongo,hagati y’umurongo n’undi ugasiga m 0,70 naho hagati y’ikigori n’ikindi ugasiga m 0,30.Icyo gihe utera impeke ebyiri ,nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu ukarandura kimwe ikindi kigasigara mu mwobo.
6.Gushyiramo ifumbire y’imborera (igihe ihari)iyo uhinga.
7.Guterana ifumbire mvaruganda,ukayongeramo nyuma y’ibyumweru bine cyangwa se bitanu.Iyo ukoresheje N-P-K (17-17-17)ushyiramo ikiyiko kinini mu kobo,wakoresha DAP (18-46-0)+IRE (46-0-2)ugashyira akayiko k’icyayi mu kobo.Nyuma y’ibyumweru bine umaze gutera,ukongeraho Ire (46-0-0),akayiko k’icyayi kamwe mu kobo.
8.Gusimburanya ibigori n’ibishyimbo cyangwa soya usaruye ibigori
9.Kubagara uko bikenewe
10.Gusarura ibyo bigori bikimara kwera ntibitinde mu murima
11.Kwanika ibigori bikuma neza mbere yo kubibika.
Imbuto ISARM081
Yavuye muri CIMMYT-Kenya yitwa pool 15-QPM-SR mu mwaka w’ 2001.Niyo mbuto ya mbere y’ibigori iri mu bwoko QPM (quality protein Maize) yageze mu Rwanda.QPM zishobora kurwanya imirire mibi.Mu mwaka wa 2002 na 2003,ubushakashatsi bwakomeje gukorerwa kuri iyo mbuto hitabwaho cyane uburyo yihanganira indwara ndetse nuko yitwara mu turere tunyuranye two mu Rwanda,hagamijwe kwera vuba kurusha uko yari imeze.Mu mwaka wa 2004 na 2005 yagerazerejwe i Nyagatare,Karama (Bugesera)na Bugarama.Muri iyro gerageza,hamwe na hamwe yarushije izindi mbuto kwihanganira indwara cyane cyane indwara iterwa n’ingenge z’amabara (MSV) Mu mwaka wa 2006 na 2007,yageragerejwe mu mirima y’abahinziborozi ,mu turere twinshi tw’u Rwanda two mu misozi iciriritse n’imigufi.Iyi mbuto yerekanye itandukaniro rinini uyigereranyije na Katumani yari isanzwe ihingwa muri utwo turere.Mu mwaka w’2008 ,iyo mbuto yakomeje kwamamazwa mu turere dutandukanye tw’igihugu.Impeke zayo zoherejwe muri CIMMYT/Mexico kugirango barebe ko ari QPM koko mbere yo kuyishyira ahagaragara.Ibisubizo byemeje ko ari QPM KOKO.Iyi mbuto yashyizwe ahagaragara mu Ukuboza 2008.
- Uko iyo mbuto iteye
-Aho ihingwa:Mu misozi iciriritse n’imigufi
-Igihe imara kugirango yere:Amezi 3-4
-Indwara:Yihanganira indwara cyane cyane ingenge z’amabara(MSV)
-Umusaruro :Hejuru ya Toni 6 kuri hegitari.
- Uko ihingwa
1.Gukoresha imbuto zavuye mu batubuzi ,baba badahari ugakoresha imbuto wisaruriye mu bihembwe bibiri ,ku gihembwe cya gatatu ukajya gushaka imbuto nshya mu batubuzi.
2.Iyo utoranya ibigori bizavamo imbuto ,ubitoranya mu murima hagati,ugatoranya ibitarwaye,bitaguye,ikigori gipfutse neza n’ibishishwa,gifite kandi imirongo igororotse.
3.Imbuto zavuye mu batubuzi ,zikoreshwa igihembwe kimwe gusa.
4.Gutoranya umurima mwiza uhinze neza,kandi bishotse utegeranye n’uw’ibindi bigori bisanzwe iyo bihingiwe igihe kimwe.Ni byiza guhinga iyi mbuto nshyashya ibumweru bibiri mbere y’izindi zisanzwe.
5.Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda n’ifumbire y’imborera.
6.Gutera ku murongo,hagati y’umurongo n’undi ugasiga m 0,75 naho hagati y’ikigori n’ikindi ugasiga m 0,25.Icyo gihe utera impeke ebyiri ,nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu ukarandura kimwe ikindi kigasigara mu mwobo.
7.Guterana ifumbire mvaruganda igihe cyo gutera,ukayongeramo nyuma y’ibyumweru bine cyangwa se bitanu.Iyo ukoresheje N-P-K (17-17-17)ushyiramo ikiyiko kinini mu kobo,wakoresha DAP (18-46-0)+IRE (46-0-2)ugashyira akayiko k’icyayi mu kobo.Nyuma y’ibyumweru bine umaze gutera,ukongeraho Ire (46-0-0),akayiko k’icyayi kamwe mu kobo.
8.Kubagara uko bikenewe
9.Gusarura ibyo bigori bikimara kwera ntibitinde mu murima cyangwa ngo binyagirwe.
