Ingoma z' imihango

Ingoma z’Imihango ni ubwoko bw’Ingoma z’Imivugo ,ariko zo zikaba zaravuzwaga ,mu miterekero yari igenewe gusetsa abazimu, kuko aribo rubanda bakeshaga gutunga no gutunganirwa.Zikaba zaravuzwaga n’Abiru b’Abanyamihango b ‘I Bwami.Ni nabyo tugiye gutekerezaho ku mihango ya Gicurasi n’iy’umuganura,iy’Amariba ,n’I y’Igangahura.

Gukura Gicurasi

Ingoma z’Imihango zavugirizwaga guhanuza,gutsirika,guhosha ibyorezo cyangwa se Kugangahura.Umuhango wo “Gukura Gicurasi “Ukomoka ku rupfu rwa Ndahiro Cyamatara waguye mu Bugamba ho mu Kingogo azize amahari y’Ingoma.Ibikomangoma by’ I Rwanda byasubiranyemo :bimaze kugandira Ingoma ,ntawe ucyumvikana n’undi.Nsibura –Nyebuga w’ I Bunyabungo ahera kuri izo mvururu atera uRwanda agambiriye guhorera se Murira-Muhoyo waguye mu gitero cyari cyagabwe na Mibambwe –Mutabazi sekuru wa Ndahiro Cyamatara. Ubwo Nsibura w’Umunyabungo yibasiraga Ndahiro wari mu Bugamba ho mu Kingogo.Ingamba zirarema.Ndahiro akomerekera m mabega ya Gitarama mu mbande wiswe ku va ubwo “Irasaniro “.Yambuka Kibirira avirirana umuvu w’amaraso.Aza kugwa mu gico cy’Ingabo za Nzira Umwami w’ u Bugara wari watabaye Nsibura,zimutsinda I Rugarama hiswe I “Rubi rw’ I Nyundo “ byo kuhavuma.

Umugabekazi Nyirandahiro Nyirangabo n’ Bkobwa be barafatwa babicira ahantu haje kwitwa kuva ubwo “ Mu miko y’Abakobwa “.Ubwo Ingabe RWOGA iranyagwa.Nsibura amara imyaka irenga icumi yidegembya mu Rwanda yigaruriye Igihugu cyarahumanye,cyaratesetse. Nsibura-Nyebuga yari Umwami w’ I Bunyabungo akaba uwa Murira-Muhoyo.Yari yaravukiye mu Bugesera aho nyina yaje amutwite azanyweho umunyago n’Ingabo zo mu Bugesera ,zari zaratabaye Mibambwe –Mutabazi mu gitero yari yaragabye I Bunyabungo,agamije guhorera nyina Nyiramibambwe Abashi batwikiye mu nzu igihe Abanyoro bateye u Rwanda inzu y’ I Bwami igahungira I Rusozi h’ I Bukavu. Kugirango ahorere nyina Nyiramibambwe,Mutabazi amaze guhashya Abanyoro ,atera Murira –Muhoyo ,atabawe na Nsoro II Sangano w’ I Bugesera , na Ntare I Rushatsi w ‘I Burundi.Murira-Muhoyo agwa ku rugamba.Umugore we utwite ajyanwaho iminyago n’ ingabo z’ I Bugesera.Nibwo ahabyariye Nyebuga.Amaze gukura,Abanyabungo baza kumwibamu Bugesera baramwimika.Ubwo rero atera u Rwanda rumaze kugendererwa n’amahari,anagambiriye guhorera se Murira –Muhoyo.

Ndahiro Cyamatara yatanze muri Gicurasi.Uko kwezi kwamubereye ukw’Injyana-muntu,bituma mu Rwanda urwibutso rw’urwo rupfu rugira umuhango wiswe “Gukura Gicurasi “aribwo kwerera ukwezi gushya kwa Kamena,cyangwa se kwirukana imiziro,mu bwiru bikitwa “Gusenda imisaka “.Iyo mihango isozwa n’ umuhango w’umuganura.Kamena yaboneka ngo ikuye Gicurasi,ingoma zikabvuga,abarongora bakarongora,imandwa zikabandwa.Naho mu Gisibo cya Gicurasi ,Umwiru mukuru yagiraga ati : Umva rubanda Ingoma ziraziritse Ntawe umara urubanza Ntawivuga Ntawe uvuza impundu Nta ngoma yongera kuvuga Keretse “Indamutsa “

Urupfu rwa Ndahiro Cyamatara rwabaye isoko y’imiziro mu mateka y’ I Bwami. -Umugezi wa Kibirira uturuka mu misozi ya Gitarama na Rugarama ,wagera I Gatumba ukiroha muri Nyabarongo ku mpamvu z’uko wanyoye amaraso y’Umwami ,waciriweho iteka y’uko nta Mwami uzongera kwambuka uwo mugezi wa Kibirira,wabaye inkoramarasoya Cyami. -Izina Ndahiro ryakuwe n’iryo shyano ry’urupfu rwapfakaje u Rwanda rukanyagwa n’Ingabe yerwo Rwoga,u Rwanda rukirenza imyaka isaga 10 muri ako kangaratete;rwaciriweho iteka ry’uko nta Mwami uzongera kwitwa iryo zina Ndahiro ry’ ubwami. -Ikindi kandi nuko mu ntekerezo z’Ubwiru , I bwami hari Igisibo cya buri mwaka cyagenewe Ndahiro wa 2.Icyo gisibo kikajyana mu Bwiru n’ “Inzira ya Gicurasi “.

Umuganura

Umuganura wa kera wajyanaga n’imihango isobetse rwose.Umuganura wagengwaga n’Umutware w’Abatsobe bo kwa Mugarura ,ari nawe waganuzaga umwami. Ibitenga bishya ,icy’I Bwami n’icyo mu Batsobe,byaboshywe n’Abazigaba ,byageraga I Huro kwa Mumbogo,ubwo Ingoma zigasuka zikarara zivuga.Ibitenga bakabyuzuza.Abiru bo mu Bega b’ I Huro biteguye gutwara Igitenga baherekejwe n’abaja bo kwaMumbogo.Umwiru wo mu Bega b’ I Huro agatwara Isando n’Umwishywa ,akajya imbere y’ Igitenga. Igitenga kigahaguruka ,Ingoma zikagiherekeza zigenda zivuga ,zikarara ku mutware w’Abatsobe ,zikahirirwa.Ku gicamunsi Ingoma zikaza zivuye I Bwami zivuga.Abatware b’Umuganura bakajya imbere y’ Igitenga bitwaje Isando iriho Umwishywa .Intarindwa zigaheka Igitenga .Ingoma zikakigenda imbere ku mugendo. Kalinga,Umwami n’Umugabekazi n’Abakobwa bagasanganira Igitenga .Kalinga ikinjira mu nzu n’Igitenga kikinjira ingoma zikavuga urwunge.Umwami na we akinjira bakajya bakajya kumuganuza .Bakamwakirira Isando n’Umwishywa .Umwami nawe akabyakirira Kalinga,akabiyambika mu ruhanga,Umutware w’Abatsobe yafataga uburo akuye muri cya Gitenga akabuah abaja bakabusya bagakorera umutsima mu nkono ivuga yo kwa Busyete.Umwami akaganuzwa n’Umutware w’Abatsobe imbere y’uw’I Huro n’ uwo kwa Mujeni n’ Umwega w’ I Huro n’ Umuzigaba wo kwa Mujeni .Umwami yamaraga kuganura,Abega b’ I Huro bagatera imbyino bagira bati : Ubumbogo bwa Butambana Isuka n’Isando Iwacu ni I Bumbogo bwa Butamba Ibuteta-Bagore ,I butamba-bagabo Iwabo wa Sebwitabure. hateye Abari aho bakabyina ndetse n’Umwami.Umwami akajya kwibikira ,Ingoma zikamubikira ,byagera mu museke Ingoma zikabambura ,Ibirori bigatangira ,Igitenga kikabikwa kwa Cyilima.

Gufukura amariba

Imihango yo gufukura amariba yaberaga mu Bufundu,mu Kabagali,mu Nyantango,mu Kinyaga,ariko cyane cyane ki iriba rya Nzavu mu Bunyambiriri ,kuko ariryo rya maryohe,kandi rikaba ingarigari y’Abami b’Amatungo bafite umurwa wabo wa Suti ya Banege mu Bunyambiriri.Bafukuraga amariba mu miterekero yo guhosgha ibyorezo by’indwara byakundaga gutera mu matungo.

• Muryamo yateye mu w’1890-1891
• Uburenge bwateye mu w’1907-1908
• Iragara ritera mu w’ 1920-1927
• uryamo yiyongeza mu w’1934-1935
• Amashuya atera mu w’1936-1937

Mu miterekero,baturaga ibitambo,bakabaga ibimasaby’amasugi ,bakagira imigabane y’imiryango,bagatura igitambo iruhanda rw’igiti cy’imana,ku musozi muremure,aho bamaraga igihe baterekera kugirango icyorezo gihoshe;mbese nka Musa ku musozi Sinayi ,asabira umuryango wa Isiraeli. Ubusanzwe ingoma zavugiraga I Suti ya Banege.Ariko igihe cy’imihango zabanzaga kuvugira “kwa Rukambura “aho zari zifite ikiraro.Nyuma zikajya ku ibuga rya Nzavu mu muhango wo “Gufukura amariba “,inka zikaba zabyukurutse ,bakazitera ibyuhagiro,bagatanga n’ ibyuhagiro byo gutera izindi. Habaga n’undi muhango wo kuvura inka.Inka iyo yabaga irwaye ikibyimba mu icebe,hagombaga kuba umuntu wajyaga gutira ingoma :yaravugaga ngo “Nimundembe ingoma “(ayitiye yaba anyaze umwami ).

I Bwami bakayimuremba,akagenda no munsi y’inka agakubita umurishyo umwe,inka ikikanga ububyimba bugakira.Mu magambo ahinnye kuri uwo muhango wo “gufukura amariba”

• Bajyaga mu Nzavu
• Bagafukura amariba
• Bgatera ibicuba
• Bgashora inka
• Bakazuhagira
• Ingoma zikahavugira.

Mu bihe by’inzara n’amapfa ,Abami b’amatungo n’imyaka bajyaga mu miterekero ,bagatanga imbuto n’ibyuhagiro by’imyaka kugirango irumbuke. Kera mu Rwanda hakundaga gutera Inzara bitaga amazina bahereye ku cyayiteye ,cyangwa se ku bimenyetso byayo no ku nkurikizi zayo:

• Mu w’1890 hateye inzara bise Muhatibicumuro
• Mu w’1902 -1903 hateye inzara bise Ruyaga
• Mu w’1917-1918 hatera Rumanura
• Mu w’ 1924-1925 hatera Gakwege
• Mu w’1927-1928 hatera Urwakayihura
• Mu w’1942-1944 hatera Ruzagayura

Mbere y’aho mu w ‘1931 hateye inzige ziyogoza imyaka.

Mu byorezo by’inzara ,Abami b’imbuto bajyaga ku misozi miremire ,bakahaca ibiraro ,bagaterekera ,ari nako bavuza ingoma ;imvura yabaga yahagamye,ngo ikagwa.Ibyonnyi nabyo byatera mu mirima ,za kagungu n’inzige ,Abahoryo bakazivuma ngo zikohoka ,igihugu kigahumeka umwuka w’uburumbuke.Hari n’indwara z’ ibyorezo zateraga mu bantu ku mpamvu zo kubura imiti zikarimbura imbaga ,abarokotse zikabasigira ubusembwa.

• Mu w’1893-1894 hateye Ubushita
• Mu w’1916-1917 hateye na none Ubushita
• Mu w’1917-1918 hatera Mugiga
• Mu w’1935-1936 hongera gutera Mugiga
• Mu w’1945-1946 hatera Ibihara

Iyo ibyorezo by’indwara nk’izo byateraga ,Abami b’ imbuto n’amatungo batangaga amasubyo ,ariyo miti y’amahumane yo gucubya ibyo byorezo by’indwara. Mu Rwanda rwa kera habaga n’indi mihango yajyanaga n’ingoma ,igakorwa n’abavubyi b’imvura,bakayikorera ahantu inkuba yabaga yakubise ,bakahaterekerera ,kugirango bahavane umwaku wayo ,bakahagangahura.

Kugangahura

Kugangahura byajyanaga no kuvuba.Ubundi umuvubyi yaranagangahuraga.Kugangahura byari ugutsinda ibyago by’ inkuba ,aho yabaga yakubise hagakorerwa imihango ngo itazongera kuhakubitira abantu cyangwa amatungo. Mu igangahura bazanaga ingoma n’amasubyo n’urunyege n’urwamururo n’ibyuhagiro .Hakaba haje n’umugore w’Iliza bakazana n’intama kuko yitwa imana. Nuko abagangahura bakavuga batongera mu mvugo yabigenewe.Nyuma y’amagambo atongera bakirenza isubyo ngo bataye akabi,barangiza bakayisukira ku rushyi rw’iburyo rw’abaganmgahura bavuga bati : Ni iya Gihanga cya Kazi ka Muntu Ni iy’abahanga Bose bakayinywa bakitsamura ngo he kongera kugira icyo baba !

Iyo babaga bamaze kugangahura ahantu inkuba yakubise : Barahabyiniraga Abagore bakavuza impundu Abagabo bakivuga Bakavuza ingoma Umwiru agashinmga urutsiro Aho avugiriza ingoma agashinga urubingo n’igitovu Akabitunga hejuru abiha inkuba ngo ibirishe,ntizongere gukubita.

Hifashishijwe

• Ingoma i Rwanda (P.Simpenzwe Gaspard ,1992 )