Amateka y’umwami Gihanga I Ngomijana

U Rwanda rwagiye rutegekwa n’abami batandukanye kuva rwabaho kugeza ubwo abanyamateka babagabanyamo ibyiciro bitatu bakurikije ibihe aribyo : Abami b’ibimanuka, abami b’umushumi n’abami b’ibitekerezo.Abami b’Ibimanuka ni abakomoka kuri Shyerezo ,Abami b’umushumi ni abatazwi igihe bategekeye n’ibyabaye ku Ngoma zabo,naho Abami b’Ibitekerezo ni Abami bazwi neza igihe bategekeye n’ibyabaye ku ngoma zabo.Abami b’Ibimanuka bahera kuri SHYEREZO bakagera kuri KAZI.Naho Abami b’umushumi bahera kuri GIHANGA cyahanze Inka n’Ingoma bakagera kuri CYILIMA I RUGWE.Abami b’Ibitekerezo ari nabo ba nyuma ,bahera kuri KIGELI I MUKOBANYA bakageza ku Mwami wa nyuma w’u Rwanda ariwe KIGELI V NDAHINDURWA.Tukaba tugiye kubagezaho amateka y;Umwami wa mbere w’Umushumi ,Gihanga I Ngomijana.

Uyu mwami witwa Gihanga I Ngomijana yategetse ahasaga mu w’1091-1124, amateka ye avugwaho byinshi kandi agafatwa nk’umuntu ngo wahanze u Rwanda.Gusa umuntu ashobora kwibaza niba mbere yaho nta Rwanda rwabagaho.,

Iyo umuntu ahereye ku mateka y’abami b’ibimanuka bivugwa ko bakomoka mu ijuru, usanga bavugwa ko baba baramanukiye bwa mbere mu Mubari (mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda ahitwa ku rutare rwa Kinani) aho baje basanga hatuwe kandi hategekwa muri icyo gihe n’uwitwa Kabeja wo mu bwoko bw’Abazigaba.Uyu Mwami witwa Gihanga niwe ntangiriro y’ubutegetsi bw’ingoma Nyiginya(fondateur de la dynastie.) ni nawe washyizeho gahunda y’Igihugu gitegekwa n’Abami.

Mu ntangiriro z’ubutegetsi bwe, Gihanga nta ngoma yimanye, ahubwo yategekeshaga ibindi birango bibiri aribyo inyundo n’ikindi gikoresho cy’umuziki bita urusengo.Ibyo gushyiraho ingoma nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwami ngo yaba yarabizaniwe n’uwitwa Rubunga nawe abikopeye mu bucurabwenge bwakoreshwaga n’abitwa Abarenge. Abarenge bari ABASINGA ,aribo bitwaga ABASANGWABUTAKA(Bivuga abo Abanyiginya basanze bategeka) ngo akaba ari bo bari mu gihugu mbere y’uko iriya ngoma Nyiginya iza kurutegeka.Ingoma ya mbere yakoreshejwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Gihanga yahawe izina rya Rwoga bituruka ku ijambo « kwogera » cyangwa se « kwamamara »

Rubunga wayizaniye Gihanga ni we bakunze kwita Mwungura ari naho banakomerezaho bagira bati ni « Mwungura wunguye ingoma ubwiru »,akaba akomokwaho n’umuryango w’ Abatege bituruka ku izina ry’umwe mu bakurambere babo witwaga Nyabutege.Ikoreshwa ry’ingoma nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwami bwa Gihanga ngo ntiryakuyeho burundu ikoreshwa rya biriya bimenyetso bindi byakoreshwaga mbere ari byo urusengo n’inyundo nk’uko amateka akomeza kubigaragaza. Urugero rwatangwa nuko iyo i bwami bamenyeshaga icibwa ry’umuntu runaka cyangwa se umuryango runaka ariko mu buryo butari burundu bakoreshaga umurishyo w’ingoma, mu gihe iyo iryo cibwa ryemezwaga mu buryo bwa burundu baritangazaga bakoresheje urusengo.

N’ubwo hashidikanywa niba Gihanga ari we wahanze u Rwanda cyangwa atari we ngo ntibikuraho ko yaba yarabayeho kuko kubaho kwe kugaragarira ku kuntu uruhererekane rw’abamukurikiye mu butegetsi bamwubahiriza kandi ugasanga mu ntekerezo zose agarukamo nk’uko amateka abigaragaza.Iyo umwami runaka yageraga ku butegetsi yubakishaga ingoro ye, ariko ku ruhande agashyiraho n’ahagenewe kubahiriza umukurambere Gihanga ariho bitaga urukamishirizo. Uretse n’ibyo kandi ngo aho umusezero (imva y’umwami) wa Gihanga wari ku gasozi ka Muganza ya Kayenzi ngo naho hakorerwaga imihango yo kumuterekera niba ari ko nabyita. Aha ngaha i bwami ngo bakaba barahoherezaga abiru bo kuhakorera imihango yabugenewe.Habaga indi mihango yamukorerwaga yari ishingiye ku nka ikaba yarakorwaga n’abo mu muryango bita Abaheka ; umutware wabo agatura i Runda ndetse akaba yarafatwaga nk’umwiru mukuru w’inka. Ntawakwirengagiza ubwoko bw’Abatsobe nabwo ngo bukomoka kuri Gihanga, kuko ngo uwo bakomokaho witwa Rutsobe ari umuhungu yabyaye hanze. Uyu muryango nawo ukaba waraje kubahwa ibwami kubera imihango y’ubwiru wakoraga, dore ko ngo banagiraga ingoma yabo yitwa Rwamo naho umurwa baturagaho ukaba wari i Kinyambi muri Runda.Umuryango w’ Abatsobe wari ufite agaciro mu butegetsi bwite bw’igihugu kuko bari bashinzwe imihango y’ubwiru ijyanye n’umuganura bagatura mu karere k’u Bumbogo bakagira n’umutwe w’ingabo bayoboraga witwa Gakondo ukomoka kuri Gihanga.Ikindi kivugwa kuri Gihanga ni uko igihugu yategekaga cyarengaga imbibi z’u Rwanda tuzi ubu. Ibi bigashingirwa ku ntekerezo zigaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwe bwageraga hakurya mu burengerazuba bwa Congo aho bitaga mu Bunyabungo ndetse n’ahitwa Buhindangoma hakurya muri Rucuru.

Ahandi hagaragara ibirari by’amateka bishobora kwemeza ko Gihanga yabayeho ni mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda ahitwa Buhanga hagati ya Nyamutera na Nyakinama ku bazi amazina y’uturere twa kera.Aha hagaragaraga ibigabiro by’aho uyu mwami yari atuye ariko umuntu akaba atakwemeza ko ibyo bigabiro bigihari magingo aya kubera ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’imiturire. Imwe mu mihango yakorerwaga muri aka gace ni iyakorwaga ku mfizi yitwa Rugira ngo yabanaga n’inka zitwa Ingizi nkuko uyu munyamateka abivuga.Iyi mihango ngo yaba ratangiye ku ngoma y’umwami Yuhi II Gahima ari nabwo umutwe w’ingabo zitwa Gakondo zatandukanaga n’izitwa Abangakugoma nyuma aba Bangakugoma bakoherezwa kuba hariya mu Buhanga.Undi murwa wa Gihanga uvugwa mu mateka, ni uwari ahitwa Nyamirembe cyangwa se Humure yo mu Mutara,aho uyu mwami ngo yaba yarageneye umuhungu we Kanyarwanda ngo azabe ari we umusimbura ku ngoma amaze gutanga.

*Bamwe mu bagore ba Gihanga

Ikindi amateka garagaza ni uko Gihanga yashatse abagore benshi,amateka avuga ko Gihanga yagiye abyara abana batandukanye badahuje ba nyina kuko nawe yari afite abagore benshi nk’uko byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.

Umugore wa mbere wa Gihanga ari uwitwa Nyamususa akaba umukobwa wa Jeni uturuka mu bwoko bw’Abarenge akaba yarabyaranye n’uyu mugore Kanyarwanda Gahima (Wamusimbuye ku Ngoma), Kanyandorwa Sabugabo se wa Mushambo ukomokwaho n’ubwoko bw’ Abashambo( Wabaye Umwami wo mu Ndorwa) ndetse n’uwitwa Kanyabugesera Mugondo se wa Muhondogo sekuruza w’ubwoko Abahondogo(Bategetse u Bugesera ),ndetse na Nyirarucyaba umukuramberekazi w’ubwoko bw’Abacyaba (Bategekaga Ingoma y’u Bugara).

Gihanga yarongoye kandi Nyangobero ukomoka mu Bunyabungo(Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo) barabyarana Kanyabungo Ngabo waje gutegeka mu Bunyabungo ndetse arongora na Nyirampirangwe babyarana Gashubi se wa Gashingo ukomokwaho n’abitwa Abashingo ndetse ngo babyarana n’undi mwana witwa Gafomo. Gihanga yari afite undi mugore w’inshoreke witwaga Nyirarutsobe babyarana Rutsobe umukurambere w’abo mu bwoko bw’Abatsobe.

"Hifashishijwe"

• Un abrégé de l'ethno-histoire du Rwanda(Alexis Kagame,1972)