Astrida

Inkomoko

Astrida hahoze ari mu Ntara yahoze ari iya Butare, ubu ni mu Ntara y’ Amajyepfo. Yashinzwe ku wa 1 Ukuboza 1923. Iri zina ryazanywe n’ Abakoloni b’ Ababiligi, rikomotse ku Mwamikazi w’ Ububiligi witwaga Astrid. Intara ya Astrida yari ifite imiterere nk’ iya Nyanza. Ibi bigaragarira ku mukenke wa Buhanga-Ndara ufite inkomoko ku kibaya cy’ Akanyaru, wakomezaga ukagera ku misozi ya Busanza; Mvejuru; Nyaruguru; Bushumba; Nyakare. Ubutumburuke bw’ iyi misozi bugenda bwiyongera uko umuntu yerekeza mu Burengerazuba, ndetse no mu majyaruguru yabwo. Ku rugabano rw’ iyi Ntara, imisozi ya Bufumbu na Buyenzi irazamuka igafata ku Isunzu rya Kongo-Nili (Crête Congo-Nil).

Imisozi ya busanza na Bufumbu yakunze kubarirwa mu Ntara ya Nyanza, kuko yari igabanijemo uduce duhatswe n’ Umwami, nyamara n’ utundi duce twategekwaga na we. Aka gace kaje kugenda kigarurirwa n’ udutero-shuma turimo imitwe y’ Imvejuru; Inyakare; Abashumba na Nyaruguru (ari bo bitiriwe agace bafashe), twaturukaga mu gihugu cy’ u Burundi, cyane cyane ku ngoma ya Cyilima Rujugira mu w’ 1675 kugeza mu w’ 1708. Umutwe w’ ingabo abantu bamwe bawitiranyaga n’ Intara runaka. Umushefu yategekaga Intara ye yifashishije Abasushefu (sous-chefs), ubu buyobozi bugakomera cyane. Urugero ni sheferi za Ndara na Bashumba, zayobowe n’ ingoma esheshatu z’ abavukanyi.

Sheferi zari ziyigize

Sheferi ni ijambo rikomoka ku rurimi rw’ Igifaransa Chefferie, rikaba ari izina rifitanye isano na Chef cyangwa Umukuru. Sheferi rero kari agace bagenaga kakaba karayoborwaga na Shefu (Chef). Mbere yo gushingwa kwa Astrida, Akarere kitwaga ak’ Akanyaru kabarirwaga muri Ntara ya Nyanza. Inkambi ya mbere y’ Imvejuru yashinzwe i Tumba, indi ishingwa mu i Rango ihamara nk’ umwaka umwe. Icyo gihe Administrateur Defawe, bahimbye Sebiziga, ni we wari Intumwa ya Résident wa Nyanza. Ni we amakoro n’ imisoro yose yashyikirizwaga. Mu mwaka we wa mbere, umusoro wari amafaranga y’ u Rwanda atanu (5 Frw), bakayitirira Ibarate. Inturo ya kabiri yashinzwe n’ uwitwaga Dardenne, mu gihe cy’ ubutumwa bw’i Save mu w’ 1923. aho naho hashyizweho umusoro w’ umubiri ungana n’ amafaranga y’ u Rwanda arindwi (7 Frw). Inturo ya gatatu yashinzwe i Butare, aho umujyi uherereye ubu, nayo ishingwa na Dardenne.

Urukurikira ni urutonde rw’ Amasheferi (Chefferies) yari agize Intara ya Astrida:

1. Bufumba: Ubufumba buzwi cyane ku ngabo zitwaga Abadahemuka zaremwe n’ uwitwaga Rusimbi ku ngoma y’ Umwami Cyilima Rujugira. Rusimbi yasimbuwe n’ umuhungu we Rubona. Ingabo zo muri Badahemuka zaturukaga mu miryango yabo mu Bukonya; Kibari; Mutara; Kibonw ho mu Bunyambiriri (Nyanza), ndetse no mu misozi ya Kibingo; Giseke;Kivu na Sekera yose yo muri Astrida. Rubona yaje no kuba umutware w’ ingabo za Gihana, umuhungu wa Cyilima Rujugira, igihe yateraga u Burundi.
2. Nyaruguru: Kuva mu ishyirwaho ryayo, iyi sheferi yagiye iyoborwa n’ Abashefu b’ Ingabo. Yari igizwe n’ agace ka Buyenzi kari kagizwe ahanini n’ ishyamba. Mu mwaka w’ 1935, Buyenzi yagizwe sheferi ukwayo. Dore urutonde rw’ Abashefu ba Nyaruguru: Rwamahe (umuhungu wa Cyilima II Rujugira); Senyamudigi wa Bideri; Nyarwaya Nyamutezi wa Mbyayingabo na Nyiramuhanda (uyu Nyiramuhanda ni we nyina wa Rubanzangabo, rwa ruhinja rwishwe n’ intumwa za Gatarabuhura mu kigwi cya Yuhi IV Gahindiro); Nyantaba ya Nyarwaya; Karama ka Birahira, musaza w’ Umugabekazi Nyirakigeli IV Murorunkwere; Nyantaba; Kinigamazi cya Kabatende; Shankumba wa Nyamurwana; Muhigirwa mwene Rwabugili (yishwe muri kudeta yo ku Rucunshu); Kampayana ka Nyantaba; Kayijuka (umuvandimwe wa Kampayana); Rwamanywa rwa Mirimo; Sebagangari Yozefu wa Runanira; Sendashonga Oswald wa Sebagangari; Kayihura Mikayile wa Manzi J. Berchmans; Mbanda Hormisdas wa Senyamisange wimye uhereye mu w’ 1954. ni we mushefu wa mbere wafungiwe muri Gereza ya Ruhangeri mu w’ 1959, afungurwa nyuma y’ ubwigenge.
3. Buyenzi: Yabaye iya nyuma yanyazwe n’u Burundi ku ngoma ya Cylima Rujugira. Yabarirwaga muri sheferi ya Nyaruguru kugeza mu w’ 1935. muri uwo mwaka ni ho yatandukanijweho ihabwa umushefu witwaga Léopold Ruhanamirindi mwene Sebagangari, wasimbuwe na Ludoviko Rwitsibagura mu w’ 1940.
4. Bashumba: iri zina rikomoka ku mutwe w’ ingabo witwaga Abashumba, Igikomangoma Kimanuka mwene Kigeli III Ndabarasa yayirazwe na se, icyo gihe yari iherereye mugace k’ ishyamba. Dore Abashefu bayiyoboye, umwe ahereza ubutegetsi umwana we: Kimanuka; Mabano; Muhezamihigo; Rugagaza; Kabera na Rutamu (wiswe Yozefu), weguye mu w’ 1946. kuva icyo gihe, iyi sheferi yahise ifatanywa n’ iya Nyakare, umushefu wayo akaba yari Gitambaro (wiswe Eliya) mwene Rukara.
5. Nyakare: Sheferi ya Nyakare yagiye itwarirwa hamwe n’ iya Bashumba. Umwami Ruganzu Ndoli yayihaweho inkwano y’ Umukobwa we Nyirantebe, ihihe yarongorwaga n’ umutunzi witwaga Buguzi wo mu Ndorwa. Dore uko Abashefu ba Nyakare bakurikiranye: Buguzi, wazunguwe na batatu bo mu muryango we aribo: Mpaka; Sebukangaga na Sebushanga. Nyuma y’ aba bane bo mu muryanmgo umwe, hinjiyemo uwo hanze yawo witwaga Sengorore. Hanyuma haje abandi batatu bavuka mu muryango umwe, aribo Kibunda; Rugimbana (mwishywa we) na Rukoba (nyirarume wa Rugimbana). Nyuma y’ aba himye uwitwaga Bicundamabano mwene Mutara II Rwogera, asimburwa n’ umuhungu we Munyuzangabo; Ntabwoba mwene Rukoba; Bigirimana mwene Birahira; Kanyangemwe, umuhungu wa Mutara II Rwogera; Sezikeye mwene Nturo; Mutembe (wiswe Ildephonse) umuhungu we. Nyuma y’ aha ni ho Nyakare yafatanijwe na Bushumba biba sheferi imwe, bihabwa Gitambaro.
6. Ndara: Dore uruhererekane rw’ Abashefu ba sheferi ya Ndara: Batanu ba mbere, bose bari abahungu ba Yuhi III Mazimpaka. Abo ni: Mukungu; Rwasamanzi; Ringuyeneza; Rukungira na Karara. Hakurikiyeho Ruhingika mwene Kanyankore wo mu muryango wa Cyilima II Rujugira; Bigotwa wa Rwamiheto; Kaningu; Rwasamanzi mwene Ntizimira, na Bucyanayandi mwene Rwidegembya ( wiswe Wilfield) wimye mu w’ 1940.
7. Buhanga: Iyi yahoze ari Intara Umwami Yuhi III Mazimpaka yagabiye umuhungu we Mukungu. Yaje gusimburwa na bane bo mu rubyaro rwe tumaze kubona haruguru, ari bo: Rwasamanzi; Ringuyeneza; Rukungira na Karara. Nyuma yabo himye Ngoronka; Ndangamyambi (umuhungu we); Nyamwasa mwene Kibindi; Mbanzabugabo mwene Rwamiheto (wiswe Bigotwa), umuhanga mu kurasana wakomokaga mu Bugarura, wazamuwe agashyirwa ku Bushefu n’ Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugili; Rugerinyange mwene Nkoronko wa Yuhi IV Gahindiro; Senyamambara umuhunguwe; Kayondo mwene Mbanzabigwi (wiswe Leopold); Kimonyo umuhungu we; Gashugi mwene Muyogoro (wiswe Yusitini) wimye mu w’ 1938.
8. Mvejuru: Iyi sheferi, Umwami Kigeli III Ndabarasa yayihaye umutwe w’ Ingabo witwaga Imvejuru, ubwo yari amaze gutandukana n’ uwitwaga Abakemba. Icyo gihe Umushefu w’ Imvejuru yitwaga Byavu mwene Buhura, igihe yamushyingiraga umukobwa we Nyiraburo. Ni bwo iyo ntara yari iherereye mu Majyepfo y’ Uburasirazuba bw’ u Rwanda yahise ifata izina ry’ izo ngabo. Yaguye ku rugamba mu Burundi mu ntambara yisw iyo ku muharuro. Yasimbuwe n’ umuhungu we Nyarwaya-Urutesi; Rubanzangabo (mwene Nyarwaya); Rutezi mwene Mutali, se w’ Umugabekazi Nyirakigeli IV Murorunkwere; Mbonyuwontuma mwene Murengezi; Rubibi mwene Kayiru; Biyenzi mwene Rubilima; Mushikazi mwene Runigamugabo wa Rugereka; Cyitatire mwene Bicundamabano wa Mutara II Rwogera, warerwaga na Kigeli IV Rwabugili; Semutwa wiswe Aloys, umuhungu wa Cyitatire; Rusagara wiswe François, mwene Nyagasaza, wimye guhera mu w’ 1940.
9. Busanza-Sud: Iyi sheferi yari igizwe n’ Intara yose ya Busanza, yari izwi nk’ iy’ Igikomangoma Byimana, umuhungu wa Yuhi II Gahima. Yasimbuwe n’ umuhungu we Mugombwa. Nyuma ye, himye Rwamahe mwene Cyilima II Rujugira, na we aza gukurikirwa ku buryo bukukira: Senyamudigi mwene bideri; akurikirwa na Nyantaba mwene Nyarwya-Nyamutezi; Giharamagara mwene Rwakagara; Karama mwene Birahira, musaza wa Nyirakigeli; Kinigamazi mwene Kabatende; Shankumba mwene Nyamurwana; Mugabwambere mwene Nyamutera; Mbanzabigwi mwene Rwakagara; Léopold Kayondo umuhungu we. Uwaherutse ni François Nzaramba mwene Rutamu wimye guhera mu w’ 1936.

Hifashishijwe

• l'Histoire du Rwanda sous la colonisation,Muzungu Bernadin,2009