Difference between revisions of "Guhimba wandika"

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Iyo tuvuze guhimba wandika mu Kinyarwanda,twumva ko umuhanzi runaka ageza ku bandi akari k’umutima.Ibyo akabikora amaze kubitekerezaho neza,akagira icyo avuga asobanura yandika.Guhimba ntibikorwa mu cyuka,umuntu yandika buri gihe afite ubutumwa yiyumvamo bwo kugeza ku bandi.Inyandiko igira icyanga bitewe n’icyo umwanditsi yandika,abo agenera umwandiko n’ikeshamvugo yakoresheje.Mu gihe umu8hanzi agaragaza ibitekerezo bye,agaragaza akoresheje imvugo isukuye isendereye ikeshamvugo .Mbere yo guhimba wandika ,hari byinshi umuntu yitaho :
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'''Guhimba wandika''' mu Kinyarwanda,ni uburyo umuhanzi runaka ageza ku bandi akari k’umutima.Ibyo akabikora amaze kubitekerezaho neza,akagira icyo avuga asobanura yandika.Guhimba ntibikorwa mu cyuka,umuntu yandika buri gihe afite ubutumwa yiyumvamo bwo kugeza ku bandi.Inyandiko igira icyanga bitewe n’icyo umwanditsi yandika,abo agenera umwandiko n’ikeshamvugo yakoresheje.Mu gihe umu8hanzi agaragaza ibitekerezo bye,agaragaza akoresheje imvugo isukuye isendereye ikeshamvugo .Mbere yo guhimba wandika ,hari byinshi umuntu yitaho :
  
* Kujya  mu nganzo  
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* Kujya  mu nganzo
 
* Kunguka ibitekerezo
 
* Kunguka ibitekerezo
 
*Gushaka ingingo zikomeye
 
*Gushaka ingingo zikomeye
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==Hifashishijwe==
 
==Hifashishijwe==
Ubushakashatsi bwa NSANZABERA Jean de Dieu , 2011
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*Ubushakashatsi bwa NSANZABERA Jean de Dieu , 2011
  
 
[[Category: Ubuvanganzo]]
 
[[Category: Ubuvanganzo]]

Latest revision as of 01:38, 16 May 2012

Guhimba wandika mu Kinyarwanda,ni uburyo umuhanzi runaka ageza ku bandi akari k’umutima.Ibyo akabikora amaze kubitekerezaho neza,akagira icyo avuga asobanura yandika.Guhimba ntibikorwa mu cyuka,umuntu yandika buri gihe afite ubutumwa yiyumvamo bwo kugeza ku bandi.Inyandiko igira icyanga bitewe n’icyo umwanditsi yandika,abo agenera umwandiko n’ikeshamvugo yakoresheje.Mu gihe umu8hanzi agaragaza ibitekerezo bye,agaragaza akoresheje imvugo isukuye isendereye ikeshamvugo .Mbere yo guhimba wandika ,hari byinshi umuntu yitaho :

  • Kujya mu nganzo
  • Kunguka ibitekerezo
  • Gushaka ingingo zikomeye
  • Gushaka imvugo isukuye n’amagambo yabugenewe

Mbese umuhanzi agomba kubanza gusobanukirwa neza n’interuro afitemo umurimo agashaka izindi nyandiko zishobora kumufasha ,akareba niba hari icyo agomba kongera cyangwa gukura mu gitekerezo cye.

Kwandika

Mu gihe cyo kwandika ,umwanditsi ashyira kuri gahunda iboneye ibyo yakusanyije mbere yo kwandika .Iki cyiciro kigira ibice bitatu by’ingenzi,ari nabyo bigize imbata y’umawndiko.

  • Interuro : Mu nteruro umanditsi avuga muri make icyamuzinduye,ariko agerageza kugaragaza intego mu rwego rwo gutera umusomyi amatsiko.Umuhimbyi yereka umusomyi icyo ashaka kuvuga n’inzira ari bunyuremo.
  • Igihimba :Ni igice k’ingenzi kigizwe n’ikoraniro ry’ibika bibumbatiye ingingo zinyuranye z’umwandiko wose.Buri gika kiba gifite ingingo y’ingenzi ,kandi gihimbitse ku buryo bw’inyurabwenge n’ubwuzuzanye.Igika kiba kigizwe n’interuro nyinshi zikurikiranye kandi ku buryo buri nteruro iba ifite icyo yongera.Igika gishobora gutangirwa n’ingingo y’ingenzi,hanyuma ikagenda isobanura buhoro,buhoro.Muri make ,igihimba ni ikopraniro ry’ubusobanmuro mu magambo arambuye , bw’ibyavuzwe mu nsanganyamatsiko yatanzwe mu nteruro.
  • Umusozo (Umwanzuro) : Ni igice gisoza umwandiko gitanga umwanzuro w’ibyavuzwe byose cyangwa se igisubizo cy’ibibazo byatanzwe mu mwandiko ,ariko mu magambo make.Mu musozo niho hagaragara Inama n’inyunganizi ku bintu bimwe na bimwe umuhanzi aba yavuze mu mwandiko we

Nyuma yo kwandika

Iyo kwandika birangiye ,umwanditsi asubira mu mwandiko we yitonze ,kugirango arebe neza niba ibyo yanditse bivugitse ku buryo busobanutse, areba ibyo ashobora kongeramo cyangwa gukuramo,agira ngo arusheho kunoza umwandiko we.Ashobora no kubiha abandi bakabijora ,kuko n’ubundi « Nta mwiza wisoma ».

Ikeshamvugo rikoreshwa

Ikeshamvugo ni ubuhanga umuhanzi akoresha anoza imihimbire ,ku buryo abo agenera ibyo yiyumvamo bibageraho bidakocamye,bifite ireme n’icyanga.Mbese ni ukunoza inganzo.Ikeshamvugo Nyarwanda rero rigizwe ahanini n’uburyo bw’itakamvugo bwiyongeraho intego y’umwandiko.Iryo takamvugo niryo rituma umwandiko uyu n’uyu agira imisusire yiganjemo Isubirajwi ,injyana,imibangikanyo ,ishushanyamvugo,imizimizo n’amarenga n’ibindi……Mu guhimba mu Kinyarwanda wandika ,habamo Ikinyarwanda cy’amoko menshi ,aricyo aha twise Ikeshamvugo.Reka turebere hamwe uburyo nyabwo iryo keshamvugo rikoreshwa.

1. Injyana : Mu buhanzi habamo injyana z’ubwoko bubiri

  • Injyana idapimye (akanyerezo) : Iyo njyana tuyisanga cyane cyane,mu byivugo mu majuri ,zimwe mu ndirimbo baririmbaga za kera mu migani y’imigenurano no mu Busizi bw’ubu.
  • Injyana ipimye :Iyo njyana tuyisanga cyane cyane mu mazina y’inka ,mu Bisigo no mu mivugo imwe n’imwe.Bayipima bifashishije utubangutso cyangwa se utubeshuro.

2. Isubirajwi n’isubirajambo : Ni isubiramo rya hafi ry’ijwi cyangwa ijambo iri n’iri,rigenda rigaruka mu ntondeke zegeranye.Isubirajwi n’isubirajambo rigenda riryoshya imvugo.Rigatuma uhimba cyangwa se usiga atora ibyo yahimbye bitamugoye.

  • Urugero :

Umusare w’umusore ushyenga

Yarasohotse asanga Se aseka

Ati : Seka soko mvomeweho ubugingo

Saso y’isuri isigarije umusumo.

Si ndi ikigwari

Si ndi inkubaganyi

Si ndi ikigwari

Si ndi icyomanzi

Ndi intwari barata.

3. Imibangikanyo : Ni uburyo bwo gukurikiranya intondeke ebyiri cyangwa se nyinshi zirimo ingingo zifitanye isano.Imibangikanyo y’ingenzi ni itatu :

  • Umubangikanyo w’umusubizo : Intondeke ya kabiri isubira mu ngingo y’intondeke ya mbere mu yindi mvugo.

Urugero :

Muri ibyo bihugu ni iyo gihera

Dore ko ari iyo giterwa inkingi


  • Umubangikanyo wuzuzanya : Ingingo yo mu ntondeke ya kabiri ,iba ishimangira cyangwa yuzuza iri mu ntondeke ya mbere.


Urugero :

Nta wawe wa none

Wakuramiza amazi

Amata ari ku ruhimbi

Amarwa ashengura intango


  • Umubangikanyo w’inshyamirane: Intondeke ya kabiri iba ifite ingingo ishyamiranye n’iyo mu ntondeke ya .

Urugero  :

Ugiye usa n’ingwa yera

Uzagaruka usa n’imbwa yiba


4. Imizimizo n’amarenga : Tuyisanga cyane cyane mu Bisigo nyabami .Hakaba hariho amoko atandukanye y’imizimizo n’amarenga.Mu mizimizo ni naho tubonera amagambo y’Ishoberamahanga.

  • Impuzanyito : Ni umuzimizo bzkoreshamo amagambo atandukanye ,ariko afite ingingo imwe

Urugero :

Iyo Nkotanyi cyane

Ubwo duhumaniye I Bubuye buto

Nyakijoro yose turayihinda

Buserura duserura I Butema buto

Kwa Matare mato tuti :Muraho “

  • Impuzashusho: Ni umuzimizo bakoreshamo amagambo asa ,yandikwa kandi avugwa kimwe,ariko akaba adahuje inyito.Ni amagambo afite inyito “INGWIZANYITO “ Nyinshi ,kugirango umenye inyito yaryo ureba cyane cyane ikivugwa mu mwandiko.Kandi akaba ashobora gukoreashwa asimburana mu nteruro bitewe n’icyo ushaka kuvuga.

Urugero  : IMBATA “ Ubwoko bw’inkoko

Ikibanza cy’inzu

Umucakara umenyerweye ahantu

Ibice by’umwandiko

Ikibanza cy’inzu

GUTEKA: Kurekeraho gukamwa kw’inka

Kurekeraho kwera kw’ibitoki

Gushyira ibiribwa ku ziko ngo bishye

Kwicara k’Umwami

Urugero rw’imikoreshereza yayo  :

Barahuruye cyane

Basanga iryo hanga

Ryarigize imbata

Barisenyera icyanzu

Maze bahaca imbata

Izatetse by’amage

Zireta ubutitsa


Hari n’uburyo bwo kwitiranya ikintu n’ikindi bihuje inyito n’ishusho barebye imisusirey’ikintu cyangwa ahantu havugwa Urugero :

Nugera i Bweramvura ,ukahahurira na Mahundo,uzamumbwirire uti :Semakoma aragutashya,kandi aritegura kugusanga iyo i bukomamasinde.

  • Iyitirira :Ni umuzimizo ukoresha uburyo bwo kwo kwitirira ikinti ikin’iki.Iyitirira rikorwa kwinshi,hari ugufata igikoresho ukakitirira igikorwa gikora ;akarere kakitirirwa ibihakorerwa.ikintu kimwe ukakitiriaaibintu byinshi,cyangwa ikintu ukakitirira agace gato kacyo

Urugero : Ngeze i Bugenda,nahasanze ibintu bitangaje Buri shuri riba ririmo imitwe mirongo ine,kandi navuyeyo ntabonye amakoma nk’ayino

  • Igerura :Ni uburyo bwo kuzimiza uvuga ibintu bike ushaka kuvuga byinshi.

Urugero :Biba biteye agahinda Kubona umwari utagira uko asa Apfa ahagaze akabura umutima Imbabazi ze zikaba nkeya Nyamara we ubwe akaba ikizubazuba

  • Ikabya: ni uburyo bwo kuzimiza uvuga ibyabayeho ukabivuga nk’ibitarabayeho ,naho ibitarabayeho ukabivuga nk’ibyabayeho.

Urugero :

Twahuye adashinga ibirenga

Agendera mu kirere

Nasumagiye musanga

Bimbera iby’ikirenga

Duhurira mu kirere

Ikirego turagishinga

Amanywa yose turayahanga

Urumuri, izuba riduha umwanya

Duhuza ineza itanga umwezi

  • Isetsa  : ni izimiza bakoresha iyo bashinyagurira umuntu cyangwa se bamusekera

Urugero :

Namubonye rimubaga

Ndamushinyagurira Nti  ; si wowe gusa

N’ uw’I Bunyabungo

Niko namugize

Kajanja uwo ntako atahonnye

Yasuze mu rukiko isa sita

Intebe z’urukiko zirakaka

Imisumari iraseseka

Naho amatafari aromoka

Kandi isaa munani iwusangamo

  • Igeraranya:Ni umuzimizo ukoreshwa iyo bagereranya amagambo n’ayandi ubusanzwe bidahuje inyito

Urugero :

Inyamibwa y’imyato

Idahungabana ruhinanye

Amacumu yayo atimirwa

Abuza amakimbiri kugira ijambo

Igasa na Rwanda iguye imvura


  • Igoragoza n’igobyora: Ni uburyo bwo kuzimiza bagoragoza imvugo,bakavangavanga amagambo

Urugero: Rubabaza ababisha ,umurwanyi

Ndi ubukombe bw’intwari

Icumu ryeara ikigembe

Nariteye ndamusonga umuhunde

Ndi umurwanyi Rubabaza ababisha

Ndi intwari y’ubukombe

Icumu rifite ikigembe ryera

Nariteye umuhunde ndamusonga

  • Ibusanya : Riboneka mu nteruro cyanwa mu ntondeke zagombye guhuza imisusire,noneho ijambo rihera cyangwa se ritangira intondeke ya mbere rikabusanya umwanya n’iryo mu ntondeke ya kabiri bihuje umumaro.
  • Isangiramusozo :Imikarago ikirikirana iba isozeshwa amagambo asa.

Urugero :Ukwiza ubupfura akira impundu Uhosha inzangano ‘’

Ukunda uburezi ‘’

Utsinda ubujiji ‘’

  • Impuzamitwe : Intangiriro y’injtondeke iba isa n’umusozo wayo « 

Urugero :

Nkunde ingendo ndebe

Ndebe indeshyo ndebe

Ndore indoro ndore

Ntahe iwawe ntahe

  • Isubirajwi ry’umushumi  : Mu isubirajwi ry’umushumi ,ijambo riheruka umukarago wa mbere niryo ritangira umukarago wa kabiri.

Urugero :

Uburyo uwo mwana agenda

Agenda agendera ku mutima

Umutima utuje mu gituza

Igituza kigaba ishya n’ihirwe

Ihirwe ryagenewe umukunzi

  • Ikosora  : Aha, ni uburyo Umusizi avuga nyuma akazakwivuguruza

Urugero  :

Uwo mukumburwa nkimureba

Antera ibineza byo kunsanga

Rekamusanganira duhwane

Uwo mukumburwa nkimureba

Mutere imboni antere ituze

Ndanavugishwa yaraye agiye

Amahoro si uguhorana ikungu

Ni ugutembera aho watoye

Ukahatoneshwa ijoro n’umunsi

  • Gutiza  : Ni uburyo bwo gutiza inyamswa n’ibintu ubwenge n’ubushobozi by’abanru .

Urugero  :

Umugezi usuma usiga abagenzi

N’ibiti byinshi byaronsaga

Umuyaga uhuha uhumba ijoro

5. Amahuza: ni imigermo isa igenda isoza intondeke zegeranye .Ubu buryo bwo guhimba ni umwihariko w’Abasizi b’ubu ,kuko babwendeye ku Gifaransa bagakurikiza amategeko agenga Ubusizi bwacyo.Amahuza arimo amoko :

  • Amahuza y’inyabubiri (rime plate):

Urugero:

Bambutse uruzi

Buzuye ikizizi

Bahuye n’imbwebwe

Yiyambuye igikambwe

Nta bwoba nta bwenge

Irahagarara irabareba

Izo ntwari zigenda

Zikoreye imiganda

  • Amahuza arambuye (rime suivi):

Urugero :

Ihute umbwirire Nyogosenge

Ko wahuye na Nyirasenge

Wa Mukobwa ugira ubugenge

Ati myiyenze urusenge

Kandi mukunde ibinyurabwenge

  • Amahuza Nyabihe (rime croise):

Urugero :

Aricara ntiyagenda

Erega mba ndumiwe

Arumumiriza by’abari

Nti reka nshungure nshake akiri

Maze mwambure uyu muhanda

Azibere aha mu gikari

  • Amahuza y’impoberane

Urugero :

Wasanzwe n’abinjira n’abatuye

Ubahuriza gusabana

Ubahunda utuzina twiza

Uti  ;Ngizi imfura nashimye

  • Amahuza y’umusarabiko

Muri aya mahuza ,igice cya mbere cy’intondeke ya mbere,gisobanurwa n’ijwi risoza intondeke ya kabiri .

Urugero  :

Iyaduhanze yarakuduhaye

Iyakuduhaye yarakudushinze

Uretse amahuza , ubusizi bw’ubu bufite umwihariko mu mikorere yabwo igaragarira cyane mu :

Itebeza

Itebeza ni uburyo umusizi akoresha yirengagiza amagambo amwe n’amwe mu nsobanuro z’umwandiko we.

Urugero  :

Umugore yubahe umugabo

Umwana , Ababyeyi

Umukozi , umukoresha

Umusore , ubusugi bw’inkumi

Umuntu,umwanya wa Muntu

Irondora

Irondora ni uburyo umusizi akoresha asa n’urondora ibikorwa cyangwa se imirimo ihuriye ku kintu kimwe.

Urugero :

Ihiga ibyanira agaca n’inkoko

Ikica abana abasore n’abasaza

Itwara inkumi ,abagore n’abagabo

Iyungurura

Iyungurura ni uburyo bukurikiranya ibikorwa cyangwa se ingingo zishobora gusimburana mu njyabihe yabyo.

Urugero :

Urarya ntuhage

Wahaga ntugende

Waryama nturote

Warota ntubibone

Warigusha ugahanuza

Wahanuza ukabona intsinzi

Wayibona ukayishaka

Abasizi b’ubu , bagaragaza ubwigenge buhagije mu mihimbire yabo .Ntibubahiriza ikeshamvugo mu Busizi uko ryakabaye,ndetse hari n’abavangavanga indimi ,kugirango bareme imikarago n’amahuza bifuza.

Urugero: Mon artel ego, Igitego

Avec toi la vie est si belle

Merewe neza nk’umwana uri ku ibere

Avec toi tout n’est que beau

Wowe Mukundwa , wowe rurabo

Tu es l’unique dans ce monde

Ukurora ntarora iruhande

O, creature plein (e) de bonte

Mama shenge , nzakugire nte ?

Tu es le verbe de mon agenda

Aho utari sinifuza kuhagenda

Plein de douceur est ton regard

Ishimwe ukwiye ni umudari

Prends mon Coeur je le dedie a toi

Wowe Mukundwa wowe muratwa

Parle –moi et palre tout bas

Nyamara kandi ntuvuge ihamba

Que tu survives ici-bas

Ku isi nkwifurije kuramba.


Impugukirwa

Muri ibi tumaze kubona bikoreshwa n’abahanzi igihe bahimba bandika mu Kinyarwanda,hari n’andi magambo agenda akoreshwa aboneka mu rurimi n’umuco by’Abanyarwanda .Ariko yo atagomba ihangwa kuko asanzwe ariho kandi akoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’Abanyarwanda.Umwihariko wayo ,nuko yo kuyakoresha bisaba ubunararibonye ,ubushakashatsi n’uburambe mu nganzo y’ururimi nyarwanda.Ayo magambo inkomoko yayo ni iyi ikurikira :

1.Insigamigani: Insigamigani ni zimwe mu ngeri z’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda,zikaba zaragaragariraga cyane,mu mivugire,mu migendere ,mu myumvire ,mu mikorere no mu mibereho y’ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.Ijambo Insigamigani ryagendeye ku magambo abiri y’ikinyarwnda ariyo GUSIGA n’UMUGANI.Nkuko amateka y’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda abigaragaza ,umugani n’ipfundo ry’amagambo atonze neza,Gacamigani yakagiriyemo ihame ridutoza gukora iki cyangwa se kudakora kiriya.Mbese muri make umugani ni umwanzuro w’amarenga y’intekerezo.Ijambo Gusiga ,ni ijambo risanzwe rikoreshwa mu kinyarwanda,aha rikaba rishaka kuvuga kugira ikintu runaka usigira umuryango mugari uzajya ukwibukiraho,kikaba umurage wabo w’ibihe ibihumbi.Insigamigani yo ni ahantu cyangwa se abantu babaye abagenuzi b’imigani ubwabo cyangwa se inkomoko yayo.Kimwe n’ibindi rubanda bagenuriyeho,bakabigira iciro ry’imigani,nk’inyamaswa ,inyoni,imyururu n’ibindi.Aha niho hava izina “IBIRARI BY’INSIGAMIGANI”Bikaba bishaka kuvuga ,inkora y’aho ikintu cyanyuze kigana aha n’aha,bikaba kandi bivuga amayira abakomotseho amagambo yabaye umugani banyuzemo igihe iki n’iki ,ku buryo ubu n’ubu, n’ubu,byagenze bitya na bitya.Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe z’insigamigani :


1. Yagiye kwa Ngara

2. Bamukenyeje Rushoprera

3. Yaje nk’iya Gatera

4. Arigiza Nkana

5. Yazindutse iya Marumba

2. Imigani migufi: Imigani migufi ariyo bakunze kwita “Imigani y’imigenurano” nubwo ivugitse mu buryo bunyarutse,irusha ibindi byose kuranga umuco rusange w’abanyarwanda.Ushaka kumenya uburezi n’uburere cyangwa imibanire y’abantu bya Kinyarwanda wabisangamo.

Nkuko amateka y’ubuvanganzo nyarwanda abigaragaza ,umugani n’ipfundo ry’amagambo atonze neza,Gacamigani yakagiriyemo ihame ridutoza gukora iki cyangwa se kudakora kiriya.Mbese muri make umugani ni umwanzuro w’amarenga y’intekerezo.Umugani uvuga ukuri ,ariko muri kamere yawo ntabwo wo uba ari ukuri,ariko nayo ikaba ikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu ikeshamvugo rikoreshwa iyo bahimba mu kinyarwanda bandika.Dore ko ari nayo zingiro ry’ubugenge bw’ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda.Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe z’imigani migufi.

1. Uwo utazaruta ntumwima umubyizi

2. Inyama utazarya ntuzirinda ibisiga

3. Ahabaye imanga ntihaba indagiro

4. Akaboko kazaguha ukabonera mu iramukanya

5. Uruyuzi rujya kwera ibihaza rubanza ubututu Mu guhanga mu Kinyarwanda wandika , iteka ryose hakoreshwa n’imvugo nyakuri zikoreshwa mu rurimi rw’i Kinyarwanda arizo :

  • Imvugo ihanitse
  • Imvugo isanzwe
  • Imvugo ikocamye

Muri iri Keshamvugo rikoreshwa hiyongeraho n’uturingushyo tw’abasizi,iyo umwandiko uhangwa ujyanye n’ubusizi.

Hifashishijwe

  • Ubushakashatsi bwa NSANZABERA Jean de Dieu , 2011