Akateye
Contents
Imvo n’imvano y’Akateye
Inkomoko izwi y’akateye ni Mexico, Florida, Trinidadi, Jamaika na Brazil. Kugeza ubu ifite ubwoko 650 (varietés) mu bihugu birenga 60, ikaba yiganje cyane cyane muri Afurika y’i Burasirazuba, Afurica y’Epfo, Madagaskari, Australiya, New Zealand, u Burayi bw’amajyepfo, iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze ubumwe z’America, mu birwa bya Hawaii, Galapogos, Seychelles n’ahandi henshi. Akateye irakura ikaba yareshya na metero 1.2-2.4. Ikunze kandi kumera ahantu hagera izuba, hafi y’umuhanda, ku nkombe z’amazi, ku mpera z’amashyamba, mu ishyamba rwagati aho ibiti byatemwe, ndetse n’ahantu hatwitswe.
Akateye rero yanashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibinyabuzima 100 bya mbere ku isi byiganza mu bice bidakomokamo, ari nako bigira ingaruka zitagira ingano k’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kavukire (100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species), urwo rutonde tunarusangaho kandi ya marebe (Eichornia crassipes) amaze igihe yibasiye inzuzi n’imigezi byo mu Rwanda.
Igitiza umurindi Akateye
Gutema amashyamba bisiga umwanya bigatuma Akateye ibona aho iseserera
Kuba Akateye ihorana indabyo n’imbuto umwaka wose bityo inyoni zikayikwirakwiza imihanda n’imihanda
Imbuto (seeds) zera vuba
Indabyo z’amabara apika, akurura inyoni n’utundi dukoko tuyifasha kumera (pollinators)
Kwihanganira ibihe ndetse n’ubutaka ubwo ari bwo bwose
Imizi ikoze ku buryo n’iyo ibihimba byatemwa inshuro nyinshi byongera kumera
Ibibi by’Akateye
Mu buhinzi akenshi igeraho igakora ibihuru maze igaheza ibihingwa cyane cyane ikawa n’ipamba, ubundi ikikwirakwiza ahajyaga ubwatsi bw’amatungo. Ibibabi n’imbuto mbisi by’akateye bifite ibinyabutabire (triterpenoids) bituma amatungo nk’inka, imbogo, intama n’ihene cyane cyane akiri mato abiriyeho apfa cyangwa akarwara. Abantu na bo bashobora guhitanwa no kurya imbuto mbisi z’Akateye.
Abahanga benshi bemeza ko Akateye ariyo yatumye ikimera kitwa Linum cratericola kizimira kandi ikaba inibasiye n’ibindi bimera byo ku kirwa cya Galapagos Archipelago bifite ibyago byo gushira ku isi (endangered plants). N’ubwo akateye ubwayo itagurumana vuba nk’ibindi biti, abahanga bemeza ko ubwinshi bwayo butiza umurindi inkongi z’umuriro. Aho akateye iganje ubushobozi bw’ubutaka bwo kubika amazi y’imvura buragabanuka ugereranyije n’iyo hateye ibyatsi bisanzwe, ibi byongera amazi atemba (run-off) bikaba byakongera isuri.
Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe akateye izwi ho kuba indiri y’udukoko tunyuranye dutera indwara z’ibimera, iz’amatungo n’izabantu ; mu Buhindi Akateye izwiho kuba indiri y’imibu itera Malariya naho mu Rwanda, Tanzaniya, Uganda na Kenya ikaba indiri y’isazi ya Tsetse. Ibyiza by’akateye
N’ubwo Akateye ari ikimere gifite ingaruka nyinshi ntibikibujije kuba gifite na byinshi gikemura :
- Kera Akateye yakorwagamo imiti ivura ibihara, ibibyimba, tetanus, asima, igifu, kanseri zitandukanye, kubyimbirwa, umutima, kuribwa mu nda, rubagimpande, malariya n’izindi
- Akateye ikoreshwa nk’igicanishwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere
- Ikoreshwa nk’uruzitiro rurinda amatungo kona imyaka
- Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu Buhinde bwagaragaje ko bimwe mu binyabutabire bigize akateye bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhashya udukoko, twaba utubonwa n’ijisho cyangwa utubonwa hakoreshejwe microscope, ndetse bikica n’amarebe yo mu mazi
- Amavuta y’Akateye avura kwishima, kandi akoreshwa mu kuvura ibisebe, n’ibibembe
- Ibihimba by’umuhengeri bishobora gukorwamo impapuro, ikibazo ni uko umusaruro wayo waba ari muke ugereranyije n’ibindi bivamo impapuro
- Aho amashyamba yagiwe atemwa inyamanswa cyane cyane inyoni zabuze aho zitura n’icyo zirya nuko zigobokwa n’ibihuru by’Akateye, urugero ni akanyoni Turdoides hindei utasanga ahandi uretse muri Kenya.
- Ikindi kandi Akateye ubwayo iribwa n’inyoni, ibinyugunyugu n’utundi dukoko.
Uburyo Akateye gahashywa aho yiganje
- Kurandura Akateye cyane cyane ikiri nto kuko aribwo imizi irandurika neza, ubundi umuntu agacungira hafi uko yongeye kumera akayirandura. Gukoresha ibinyabuzima (Biocontrol) nk’udukoko tuzwiho kwangiza Akateye kugeza yumye burundu. Tumwe mu dukoko dufite ubwo bushobozi ni : Teleonemia scrupulosa ndetse na Octotoma scabripennis.
- Gutera ibiti dore ko Akateye idakura ahantu hari ibiti byinshi birebire kuko bituma itabona izuba rihagije.
- Kugenzura imbuto, n’ibimera byinjira mu gihugu kugirango idakomeza kwiyongera mu gihugu.
- Gukora igenzura rihoraho ahari amashyamba kimeza cyane cyane ayangiritse, bityo ahigaragaye ihite irandurwa mu maguru mashya.
- Kurwanya Akateye uhereye ahakwegereye nk’ iruhande rw’urugo rwawe, aho ukorera ndetse n’aho ukunze kunyura.
